HIV病毒是艾滋病的主要成因，探索研究HIV病毒的治疗诊断学具有十分重要的社会意义。在本研究中，拟构建一种新型的复合上转换荧光纳米传感器用于HIV病毒的可视化、高灵敏检测，并调控性释放病毒抑制剂干扰子代病毒复制。利用发夹型DNA序列连接磁性纳米颗粒和上转换荧光纳米颗粒，构建荧光共振能量转移（FRET）体系，并将病毒抑制剂插入在DNA序列的双链结构中。当HIV病毒基因组RNA与DNA序列特异性结合，FRET效应终止，荧光显著增强；同时，根据目标RNA的杂交数量，有效调控病毒抑制剂的释放，破坏病毒的生命循环过程。利用磁性分离手段对目标物质进行分离富集，进一步提高HIV病毒的检测灵敏度。本研究拟构建的复合荧光纳米传感器，不仅为备受关注的HIV病毒的可视化、高灵敏检测和治疗提供了解决途径；更可以作为一种标准模型，替换核酸靶向序列和病毒抑制剂，用于多种病毒颗粒的治疗诊断学研究。

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the retroviral family and is responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency disease AIDS. Theranostics combined the modalities of diagnostic imaging and therapy will become very important in HIV research. In this work, we propose to develop a multifunctional upconversion nanosensor for HIV viral particle visualized detection and inhibitor controlled release in living cells. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system is constructed by conjugating magnetic nanoparticles and upconversion fluorescence nanocrystal with a hairpin DNA sequence. The stem-loop structure of the hairpin DNA sequence can be opened by HIV genomic RNA targeting, following the fluorescence intensity obviously enhanced based on the termination of FRET effects. The utilization of magnetic nanoparticles can preconcentrate the target molecules, thus efficiently improve the detection sensitive. Meanwhile, viral inhibitor can be intercalated into the double strands region, and released by HIV genomic RNA targeting. The construction of multifunctional nanosensor not only develops a novel method for HIV visualized detection and therapy, but also provides a model for the study of other viruses’ theranostics.