物种居群结构和遗传分化是近年来进化生物学领域十分重要、也是最受关注的一个研究热点，其研究结果对于理解物种进化历史和形成机制具有重要意义。蒙古韭Allium mongolicum 是中亚及我国北方荒漠地区的特有种，主要分布在新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、陕北、内蒙和辽宁西部的沙地或石质山坡上，是一种典型的沙生植物和沙区野生蔬菜。本项目以它为研究对象，在居群水平上采样，利用cpDNA（accD-psaI、psbA-trnH、trnL-trnF）和SSR两套具有不同遗传背景的分子标记，研究其野生居群的遗传结构、居群间的遗传分化状况和谱系地理学特征，重点揭示不同遗传背景分子标记所反映的物种遗传变异的分布状况、种内基因流特征和遗传多样性及其分布格局，阐述种群遗传结构形成的历史原因和过程，为深入认识蒙古韭物种/居群的进化历史和发展潜力以及保护其野生种质资源提供参考。

Population structure and genetic differentiation of species is a very important and attractive research focus in evolutionary biology in recent years, and its research results play a significant role to understand evolutionary history and formation mechanism of species. Allium mongolicum is endemic to central Asia and desert areas in northern China, mainly growing on sandy lands or gravel slopes of Xinjiang, Qinhai, Gansu, Ningxia, Northern Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Western Liaoning. It is a typical desert plant and a field vegetable in desert areas. The aim of this study is to examine the population genetic structure, genetic differentiation among populations, and phylogeographic and evolutionary history of A. mongolicum on the population level, using cpDNA (accD-psaI、psbA-trnH、trnL-trnF) and SSR markers. Especially, the present study highlight the genetic variation distribution, gene flow, genetic diversity and its distributional pattern within and among populations of the desert plant, revealed by different DNA markers with contrasting genetic modes, and elaborate the historical causes and formation process of the population structure. The results of this study will provide important theoretical basis for understanding species/population evolutionary history and potential as well as the genetic resource conservation of Allium mongolicum.