尽管细胞通讯的研究取得了众多突破，但是作为物质基础的不同生物活性分子在亚细胞结构水平浓度分布的相关性，及对细胞功能的协同调控作用尚未引起重视，严重阻碍了对细胞功能的深入了解。细胞内单一细胞器的不同活性分子尤其是活性小分子（活性氧自由基、阴阳离子等），或不同细胞器的不同/相同活性小分子随着细胞生理、病理过程而发生紧密关联，在时空上整体协同调控细胞行为。本项目拟设计合成或组装高灵敏度、细胞器精确定位、特异性识别活性小分子的有机分子或纳米荧光探针，在亚细胞结构水平上，发展具有多水平、多层次的原位、实时、动态的高分辨荧光成像方法，揭示在肿瘤、糖尿病等重大疾病的发生发展及治疗过程中，单一细胞器的不同活性小分子、不同细胞器的不同/相同活性小分子在时间、空间的关联变化规律，探索活性小分子对细胞功能的协同调控作用，最终为深入理解生命现象本质、重大疾病发生发展的分子机制及其诊治提供新的理论依据及新途径。

In recent years, many important breakthroughs have been achieved in the cell communication. However, as the physical basis, studies on correlation of subcellular distribution of biologically active small molecules and their coordinated regulation of cell functions has not attracted enough attention, which severely hinders the intensive understanding of signaling systems and cellular actions. Various intracellular reactive molecules in single organelle, especially active small molecules (reactive oxygen species, ions, and so on), or various/same reactive small molecules in different organelles, are closely associated with the cellular physiological and pathological processes, and synergistically regulate cellular actions spatially and temporally. In this proposal, we plan to design and synthesize organic fluorescent probes or fluorescent nanoprobes with high sensitivity, precise organelle localization and specific recognition to active small molecules, and develop in situ, real-time, dynamic and high-resolution fluorescent imaging methods at the subcellular level, which could reveal the related variation roles of different reactive small molecules in single organelle and various/same reactive small molecules in different organelles in the process of incidence, development and therapy of major diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, explore the synergetic regulation role of active small molecules toward cellular functions. Finally, these studies will provide new theoretical foundations and new avenues for in-depth understanding the nature of life and molecular mechanisms, as well as diagnosis and treatment in the incidence and development of major diseases.