急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury，AKI)是临床常见的危急重症，近年发病率呈上升趋势，2018JAMA报道其发病率已超过心肌梗死，且死亡率高达12.4%～51.8%，幸存者中20%～50%发展为慢性肾病，甚至终末期肾病。该病起病急、早期临床化验指标缺乏特异性等原因，导致目前AKI诊断滞后，研究显示AKI患者中肾脏血流灌注不足是导致或加重肾损伤的重要因素，约占AKI患者的77.8%。及时准确评估肾脏血流灌注状态是早期诊断及改善疗效的关键。课题组前期利用计算机辅助多模态超声诊断肝脾肾创伤后活动性出血效果显著，本研究拟运用人工智能辅助超声造影、超微血管成像，早期评估AKI患者肾脏微循环灌注情况，结合分子靶向技术、肾脏灰度、纹理、组织弹性、临床指标等，建立AKI的早期预警及疗效评估系统，以实现AKI的早期诊断和疗效动态监测，为临床实现精准治疗、改善患者预后提供依据。

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical critical disease. In recent years, the incidence of AKI is on the rise. JAMA in 2018 reported that the incidence of AKI has exceeded myocardial infarction, and the mortality rate is as high as 12.4%-51.8%. 20%-50% of survivors develop chronic kidney disease or even end-stage kidney disease. The acute onset of AKI and the lack of specificity of early clinical laboratory indicators lead to the lag of AKI diagnosis. Studies show that insufficient renal blood perfusion is an important factor leading to or aggravating renal injury in AKI patients, accounting for about 77.8% of AKI patients. Timely and accurate assessment of renal perfusion status is the key to early diagnosis and improvement of curative effect. In the early stage, our group used computer-assisted multimodal ultrasound to diagnose active hemorrhage of liver, spleen and kidney after trauma. This study intends to use artificial intelligence-assisted contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultramicro-flow imaging to evaluate renal microcirculation perfusion in AKI patients at an early stage, and to establish early warning and therapeutic evaluation of AKI combined with molecular targeting technology, kidney gray scale, texture, tissue elasticity and clinical indicators. The evaluation system can realize the early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of curative effect of AKI, and provide basis for precise treatment and improving prognosis of patients.