双孢蘑菇全球分布，也是栽培最成功和广泛的食用菌。然而其起源及种群分化、驯化及农艺性状的遗传背景不清成为挖掘其生产潜力和推动野生资源保护和利用的主要限制因素。我们在收集全球628份野生菌株及30份商业核心菌株基础上，拟通过群体基因组学研究手段，1）利用SNP数据集开展种群结构、主成分和系统发育分析，揭示双孢蘑菇群体遗传结构；2）采用多种群联合位点频率谱进行种群历史模拟和分析，探讨双孢蘑菇多样性中心（可能的起源中心）及各种群的演化历史并解释其地理分布格局；3）通过基于Fst的种群间选择位点分析、染色体重排变异、染色体倍性鉴定研究驯化过程中的遗传变异；4）通过代表性农艺性状（产量、菌盖颜色、生活史类型）的全基因组关联分析，揭示相关性状的基因组遗传机制及其受种群历史和驯化过程的影响。研究结果不仅极大地丰富和发展对双孢蘑菇资源及生物学知识，而且对双孢蘑菇资源有效保护、高效种质创新起到重要的推动作用。

Agaricus bisporus is widely distributed in the world and is also the most successful edible fungus in cultivation. However, the origin and divergence of the wild populations is unclear, the genetic basis of domestication and related key agronomic characters is not clear enough, which seriously hinder the breeding process of A. bisporus. Based on the collection of 628 strains from the global wild populations and 30 commercial core strains, we plan to carry out a population genomics study based on genome resequencing. 1) The genetic structure of A. bisporus populations will be revealed by population structure, principal component and phylogenetic analysis using SNP data set. 2) The population history of A. bisporus will be simulated and analyzed by using the joint site frequency spectrum (JSFP). The evolution history including diversity center and the pattern of spreading in various populations of A. bisporus will be discussed and its geographical distribution pattern will be explained. 3) The genetic variation of A. bisporus in the process of population history and acclimatization will be explained by Fst selection site analysis, chromosome rearrangement variation and chromosome ploidy identification. 4) The genome-wide association study (GWAS) of representative agronomic traits (yield, cap color and lifecycle type) will addressed. The rerults of this study will not only greatly enrich and develop the resources and biological knowledge of A. bisporus, but also play an important role in protecting the resources of A. bisporus and the improving the innovation of germplasm in higher efficiency.