幼儿园寄宿对于年幼儿童来说是一个重要的压力事件，它直接导致儿童的主要生活环境由家庭变为幼儿园、主要照料者由父母和亲属变为幼儿园教师和保育员。本研究采用追踪设计，以云南省160名寄宿与非寄宿农村幼儿为研究对象，采用生化检测、幼儿园自然观察、问卷、日记等方法，考察我国儿童在幼儿园寄宿过程中多种神经生理指标（唾液皮质醇、唾液淀粉酶）和多种情绪行为指标（消极情绪、问题行为和积极情绪、社会能力）的长时程发展轨迹，探讨这些发展轨迹的个体差异及其影响因素，并揭示它们对于儿童长期情绪行为发展的影响作用；本研究将重点探讨寄宿对幼儿神经生理和情绪行为发展的影响，以及儿童个体、家庭及幼儿园环境因素在其中的调节作用，在此基础上检验本研究提出的"双通路理论"。研究将对儿童发展转折期理论和压力神经生物反应理论的发展和完善做出贡献，并将为提高我国学前教育质量、促进我国人才培养和改善我国人口素质提供科学依据。

In western China, a substantial number of young children are attending boarding preschools. Attending boarding preschool is a stressful event for young children, because it leads to a change of their primary living environments from home to preschool and a change of their primary caregivers from parents and relatives to preschool teachers and nurses. Adopting a longitudinal design with biochemical assays, natural observations, questionnaires, and diaries, the present study will investigate two groups of children (N = 160) who attend boarding preschool and day preschool, respectively, in Yunnan Province. The aim of the study is to examine the developmental trajectories of multiple neurophysiological indexes (i.e., salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase) and multiple emotional-behavioral indicators (i.e., negative emotions, positive emotions, problem behavior, and social competence) among these children during their transition from home to preschool. Moreover, the study will further investigate the antecedents and emotional-behavioral consequences of individual differences in these trajectories. The ultimate goal of the study is to unravel the impact of boarding experience on preschool children's neurophysiological and emotional-behavioral development and test the dual-channel model proposed by the authors. Findings of this study are expected to make a significant contribution to the development and refinement of developmental transition theories and stress neurophysiological theories. They are also expected to have practical implications for the improvement of early childhood education for young Chinese children and the enhancement of human resources in China.