资源错配约束下的环境政策选择与政策效果评估

由于我国市场体系尚不健全，工业企业在产品市场与要素市场分别面临着不同程度的市场扭曲，使得生产资源未能流向资源利用率更高的经济主体，造成资源错配。研究表明，资源错配在给我国带来不可忽视的经济损失的同时，也显著加剧了我国的环境污染。近年来，随着环保力度的持续加强，能否在改善环境质量的同时保持经济高速发展已成为我国面临的重要问题。在资源错配的大背景下，解决该问题的关键在于理解环境政策与资源错配之间的双向关系：（1）环境政策的减排效果是否会受到资源错配的影响，若是，通过何种渠道影响？（2）环境政策能否缓解资源错配，发挥双重红利？本课题将运用微观企业面板数据，对上述问题进行实证考察，从而了解我国现阶段环境政策能否与经济发展共容，为政府进一步改进现行环境政策提供实证方向。其后，从经济理论上推导在资源错配的约束下，良好的环境政策应具备哪些特征，从而为国家统筹市场化改革与污染治理提供理论基础。

Due to imperfect market liberalization，firms face different levels of distortions in both the product market and the factor market. Thus, production inputs end up being in firms that are less efficient in resource utilization. It has been shown that resource misallocation not only greatly reduced real GDP, but also increased pollution emissions in China for decades. As the central government becomes more and more decided to win the battle with pollution, one critical question emerges: is it possible to maintain fast economic growth while improving the environmental quality? In an era of resource misallocation, the key to solving this problem lies in a solid understanding of the mutual relationship between environmental policy and resource misallocation: (1) is the emission-reduction effect of environmental policy affected by misallocation? If so, what are the channels? (2) could environmental policy alleviate resource misallocation and achieve a “double dividend” effect? In this project, I am going to empirically test these two questions with firm-level panel data to understand whether the current environmental policy in China is compatible with economic growth. This will provide the government with empirical directions along which to improve our environmental policy. A microeconomics theory model then follows to derive the features of a good environmental policy under the constraint of resource misallocation. The predictions of the model would lend theoretical insights to the government in selecting properly-designed environmental tools and economic reforms to balance economic growth and environmental protection.