大蜂螨（Varroa destructor）第1对足转录组分析及嗅觉相关基因的筛选、表达和功能研究

作为一种模式动物，蜜蜂在农业发展、生态平衡和科学研究中起着至关重要的作用。大蜂螨（Varroa destructor）被认为近年来全球蜂群数量急剧下降的主要致病因素，给养蜂业及相关领域带来了灾难性的影响。然而，大蜂螨的遗传背景研究非常薄弱。本项目拟以成熟雌性大蜂螨第1对足为材料、其它组织为参照，采用新一代高通量测序技术对大蜂螨转录组进行测序；对测序读数进行生物信息学注释和归类分析，从而筛选大蜂螨嗅觉相关基因；采用RACE和LD-PCR技术克隆相关候选基因的全长cDNA和基因组，并对其序列特征、时空表达模式及启动子进行分析；将部分候选基因的保守区设计成dsRNA，进行RNA干扰嗅觉相关基因对大蜂螨寄主选择的影响研究。本项目的开展将为大蜂螨功能基因组研究提供重要的基础资料；为蜂螨与寄主蜜蜂协同进化、蜜蜂抗螨基因筛选、RNAi控制蜂螨危害等研究奠定基础；从而在全球蜂群的保护工作中具有重要意义。

As a model organism, the honey bee plays a vital role in the agricultural development, ecological balance and science research. Varroa destructor is thought to be the main cause of Collony Collpase Disorder(CCD) and bring out disastrous effect in the apiculture and related areas. Unfortunately，the understood of the molecular biology in Varroa destructor was weak. In this project, the front legs of adult female Varroa destructor will be sequencing with the High-throughput sequencing technology, and the other tissues will be sequencing as reference. The contigs of sequencing will be analyzed with bioinformatic software for the olfactory related genes hunting in Varroa destructor. Then, cloning, gene character analysis, spation-temporal expressing research and their promoters analysis will be conducted for parts of candidate genes. Finally but not the lastly, the effects of RNA interference on Varroa destructor host hunting will be carried out which the double stranded RNA is designed in the consensus region and synthesized in vitro for the candidate olfactory related genes. . This project will offer the foundation to the further researching of functional genes in Varroa destructor. Furthermore, it will contribute to studies of coevolution between varroa mites and their hosted honey bees, mite-resistance genes hunting in honey bee, bio-controlling of varroa destructor based on RNA interference. Thereby, it will contribute to the protection of the global honey bee colonies.