染色体重排（重复、易位、倒位）是动植物进化的动力，也是植物育种的有效方法。1RS.1BL易位在国内外被广泛应用于小麦育种。但是，由于病原菌新生理小种的流行，此前存在的1RS.1BL 易位所含的最重要的抗性基因Yr9和Pm8已丧失了抗性，严重地影响了它们在小麦基因组中的继续存在。为了解决这一问题，申请人培育了20多个有相似小麦背景的初级1RS.1BL易位系，称为近等易位系，它们的Yr9和Pm8基因座表现了宽广的抗病谱，形成了新的复等位基因系，某些等位基因迄今仍高抗流行的所有相关病源菌生理小种，显示了优异的育种价值。本研究拟探索这些新的复等位基因的起源、定名这些新等位基因（或者基因）、用SSR标记作Yr9和Pm8的精细连锁遗传图、并探索抗病基因富集区的形成机制。本研究将为理解易位影响植物染色体进化和抗病性适应的遗传机制提供新思路，同时为小麦高产抗病优质育种提供理论基础和育种材料。

Today it is a hot topic to study the effect of the chromosomal rearrangements （duplication, translocation, inversion）on adaptive significance, chromosome evolution，and accelerating the speciation process.The 1RS.1BL translocation had worldwidely used in wheat breeding programs,because it contained the resistance genes Yr9 and Pm8.However,the genes Yr9 and Pm8 have lost their protective effect against the respective pathogens, due to the prevalence of new virulent pathotypes.In the present study over 20 primary 1RS.1BL translocation lines were developed by us , which originated from a clear genetic background of wheat, and exhibite wide resistance spectrum for genes Yr9 and Pm8. It is indicated that the two group of new multiple alleles have formed in the translocation process.In this project we will study the origination of these new alleles, mechanism formed "gene-rich"region for resistance, nomination of these new alleles(genes), and make their fine genetic linkage maps with the SSR markers.This project would provide informations to understand how chromosome translocation effects the chromosome evolution,origination of "gene-rich"region, and resistance adaptibility.This project will provide also materials for wheat breeding in high yield, resistance and quality.