脊髓损伤后的微环境导致干细胞移植后死亡并降低向神经元分化比例，使干细胞难以有效地修复脊髓损伤。本实验室前期研究发现利用骨髓基质干细胞种植于去细胞人羊膜支架上的策略对破损硬脊膜修补时，炎症反应明显减弱，从而改善了脊髓损伤的局部微环境，最终促进骨髓基质干细胞的存活及向神经元分化提高大鼠肢体功能。为了深入研究脊髓损伤后炎症反应对植入干细胞作用的分子机制，本实验拟利用凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白小干扰RNA和胱天蛋白酶-1抑制剂调控星形胶质细胞PRRs/ASC/caspase-1炎性体传导通路；采用RT-PCR、western blot方法检测该通路相关蛋白表达水平，及免疫组织化学法检测对骨髓基质干细胞存活与分化的影响，在体评估骨髓基质干细胞促进脊髓损伤后轴突再生、神经环路重建及肢体功能恢复程度。对该通路的深入研究有可能发现促进骨髓基质干细胞存活与分化新的作用靶点，为脊髓损伤的修复提供新的治疗手段。

It is difficult for stem cells to effectively repair spinal cord injury (SCI), because of the death and the lower neuronal differentiation rate of the transplanted stem cells produced in the microenvironment after SCI. In our previous experiment, the inflammation reaction was reduced by repairing broken dura with the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) seeded on the denuded human amniotic membrane, then the local microenvironment was improved to ultimately promote BMSCs survival and neuronal differentiation for improving the rat limbs function. To further study the molecular mechanisms of the transplanted stem cells produced by the inflammation reaction after SCI, in this experiment, we will regulate the pathway of astrocytes’PRRs/ASC/caspase-1 inflammasome by the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD small interfering RNA (ASC siRNA) and caspase-1-inhibitor (AC-YVAD-CMK), test the expression levels of the related protein in this pathway with the RT-PCR and western blot ways, detect the effects of BMSCs on survival and neuronal differentiation by the immunohistochemical method, and evaluate the degree of axonal regeneration, neural circuit reconstruction and limbs function improved by BMSCs. The novel targets may be found to promote BMSCs survival and differentiation by further research on this pathway for a new treatment repairing SCI.