麦蚜是我国小麦的重要害虫之一，对我国农业生产造成极大危害。多年来对麦蚜的防治仍以化学防治为主，过度使用化学杀虫剂造成麦蚜的抗药性迅速增加，防治难度越来越大。国内外对麦蚜抗药性产生的分子机理研究尚不清晰，制约了对麦蚜抗药性形成的认识以及有效的控制。本项目以小麦上混合发生的麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜为研究对象，在确定麦蚜种群抗药性水平的基础上，筛选出对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯和新烟碱类杀虫剂不同抗性水平的品系，在转录组水平上比较这些品系基因表达谱的差异，鉴定引起麦蚜抗药性的基因调控网络和代谢通路，利用RNAi技术验证网络上主要基因的功能，分析三大解毒酶基因家族的进化特征，预测麦蚜抗药性发生、发展的进化趋势。本项目的创新点是通过基因网络来阐明抗性机理，突破过去从单基因水平解释抗药性成因的模式，为克服蚜虫抗药性奠定科学基础。研究成果将推进蚜虫抗药性研究和治理的进程。

Wheat aphids are notorious and important pests in wheat and have caused huge damages in wheat production in China. The control of them is primarily dependent on the application of insecticides, but the control efficiency is seriously compromised due to dramatic increase of resistance from abuse of insecticides. The mechanism of insecticide resistance in wheat aphids remains unclear according to literatures, which retards the understanding of formation and control of insecticide resistance. In this program, we target two wheat aphids, Macrosiphum avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The insecticide resistance status of the two aphids is investigated in fields. Strains with different resistance levels towards organophosphate, pyrethroid, carbamate, and neonicotinoid insecticides, respectively, are screened in the lab. The gene expression profiles of these strains are compared on transcriptomic level with RNAseq sequencing in order to identify gene regulation network and metabolic pathways involved in insecticide resistance. RNAi technique is applied to verify the functions of main genes in the regulation network. Evolutionary characteristics of three detoxification enzyme families, carboxylesterase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and glutathione S-transferase, are analyzed to predict the developmental trend of insecticide resistance in wheat aphids. The innovation of this program is that gene regulation network, in stead of individual genes, is the research target to view the whole picture of resistance mechanism in aphids. The results will promote the progress of research and management of insecticide resistance in aphids.