高温暴露对人员作业能力的影响规律与机理

近年来我国高温气候频繁出现，室外作业安全与效率问题随之凸显。高温导致作业人员安全事故主要有两大因素：生理健康和作业能力。目前，国内外针对高温作业安全的定义、标准及法规均是基于生理健康因素提出，并未考虑作业能力因素，导致其作用有限。高温环境中人员作业能力的显著降低易引发安全事故，而且作业能力先于生理健康受到高温的损害。因此，在保障生理健康安全的基础上，也将作业能力作为评价人员作业安全的重要指标，是解决室外作业安全与效率问题的关键。然而，有关高温环境影响人员作业能力的研究至今非常有限，其影响规律与机理仍未得到有效揭示。为此本项目深入系统地研究高温暴露对人员作业能力（体力与脑力）的影响，获得不同劳动强度下作业能力随高温的变化规律，并对影响规律的形成机理进行深入探讨。这一项目的成功实施将为建立更为完善细致的高温环境作业标准和法规提供可靠的理论依据，进而为实现高温环境人员的安全高效作业提供有力保障。

In recent years outdoor human work safety and productivity are threatened by the frequent occurence of high temperature events in China. Physiological health and work ability (performance) are the two main factors to work safety under high temperature. The importance of physiological health has been realized and the existing legislation of work safety was established based on physiological health. However, another factor, work ability, is always ignored, which leads to the limitations of the safety legislation. Impaired work ability can cause serious incidents in high temperature environment. Moreover, work ability is impaired by high temperature before physiological health. Therefore, human work ability should also be used as an important index to evaluate a worker's safety when working under high temperature. This is the key to solve the problem of outdoor work safety and productivity. However, the law and mechanism of the effect of high temperature on work ability are not revealed yet, due to the very limited related studies. This project will carry out a thorough study on the impact of high temperature exposure on workers' ability (the physical and mental activity abilities). In this study, the variation in work ability with high temperatures will be obtained for different work intensity and the mechanism for the variation will be explored. The results of the study will provide reliable basis for significantly improving the existing legislation of work safety. As a result, human work safety and productivity under high temperature can be greatly enhanced.