疼痛严重影响人们的身心健康，缓解疼痛一直是研究的热点。深慢呼吸作为瑜伽和冥想放松身心的主要手段，可以减轻疼痛以及与疼痛相关的负面情绪，但其神经生物学机制尚未明确。有研究表明，呼吸运动可以诱发嗅球及其下游多个脑区产生神经振荡，且振荡频率与呼吸节律保持高度一致，被称为呼吸诱发振荡（Respiration-entrained rhythm，RR)。 我们的前期研究发现在与疼痛和情绪密切相关的脑区前扣带回（ACC）中存在RR。由此我们推测，深慢呼吸可能通过调节嗅球传入ACC中的RR从而参与疼痛的调控。本研究以RR的变化为切入点，通过操控RR频率，结合神经电生理、光遗传学以及神经环路示踪技术来观察疼痛模型小鼠嗅球-ACC环路功能变化，从神经环路功能活动的角度来探讨深慢呼吸诱发的嗅觉传入系统对ACC的神经活动以及对疼痛感知的影响，探索呼吸运动调控疼痛的神经生物学物机制，为疼痛的治疗提供新的思路和策略。

Pain, affecting the physical and mental health severely, is a major public healthcare problem. Pain relief, is attracting the attention of scientists from all over the world. Slow deep breathing is the key component of yoga and meditation, has been proposed as an effective method to reduce pain and pain-related depression or anxiety. However, the neurobiological mechanism is still unclear. Recent studies showed that respiration rhythm triggers the neural oscillatory activities of olfactory bulb (OB) and its downstream brain areas. This kind of neural activities were proved to be highly coherent with respiration, so they were named “respiration-entrained rhythm (RR)”. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the processing of both pain and emotion-related information. Our previous investigation has found that RR could be also observed in ACC. Accordingly, we speculate that slow deep breathing could modulate the rhythm in ACC via olfactory inputs, which leads to pain relief. This study will focus on RR, manipulate the RR frequency, and combine the methods of neuroelectrophysiology, optogenetics, circuit tracing and neuropharmacology. We will detect the functional change of OB-ACC neural circuit in pain model mice, in order to explore the effect of respiration-entrained olfactory inputs on ACC neural activities and pain perception. This study will investigate the neurobiological mechanism of slow deep breathing modulating pain perception and provide new analgesic strategy and direction.