基于室外环境热舒适调控机理的居住区景观要素优化配置研究

合理的居住区景观设计可以有效改善室外热环境，给居民提供健康、舒适的室外活动空间。但当前的居住区景观只是单方面考虑美化功能，设计导则中从改善室外热环境方面考虑较少，设计往往凭经验和传统的设计手法。本项目将采用实地测试、系列行人热舒适调研和计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟等方法对西安和北京地区城市住区不同建筑密度下的景观要素及其组合形式（绿地格局、植物群落搭配比例、景观设施布局、水景形式和面积、铺装比例和材料等）进行研究，探索景观要素对室外热环境的影响特征、室外空间热湿和空气耦合传递以及景观要素及其空间组成对室外环境热舒适的调控机理，提出我国寒冷地区全年室外环境热舒适评价指标，得到景观要素优化配置形式和指导景观园林设计的定量指标。项目成果为确定景观要素对室外环境热舒适的调控机理提供理论和实验支撑，为改善住区室外环境热舒适的景观园林设计提供技术保障和科学依据。

Optimum landscape design in residential areas could effectively improve the quality of outdoor thermal environment and create a healthy and comfortable living space for citizens. Unfortunately, the current residential landscape only considers the function of beauty, and there are few principles for design criteria to improve outdoor thermal environment. Moreover, urban planners often design landscape empirically, only based on conventional design concepts. This project will combine field experiment, thermal comfort survey and numerical simulation conducted by Computational Fluid Dynamics, to study the landscape elements and their combinations (including spatial division of green land, proportion of plant community, square of facilities, forms and square of water features and proportion and materials of pavement, etc.) in Beijing and Xi’an cities. Discover the influence characteristic of landscape elements and their combinations on outdoor thermal environment, coupled of outdoor heat, moisture and air transfer and regulation mechanism of outdoor thermal comfort. Put forward the evaluation index of outdoor thermal comfort in cold area of China, and obtain the optimum combinations of landscape elements and quantitative guide criteria for landscape design. The achievement of this project will support experimental and theoretical research on uncovering the regulation mechanism of outdoor thermal comfort exerted by landscape elements and their combinations, and offer technical support and science basis for landscape design to improve the outdoor thermal comfort in residential areas.