同时发酵己糖和戊糖是秸秆高效乙醇化的关键。极端嗜热菌可利用底物范围广、发酵效率高，在生物质资源化中有明显优势。构建稳定高效的极端嗜热菌群，识别并调控其发酵代谢途径，是其应用于秸秆乙醇化的关键问题。基于DNA的分子生物学技术无法准确揭示微生物基因特异性表达和实际代谢功能，而微生物生态学领域先进的元蛋白质组学技术，为代谢途径的识别与分析提供了有力工具。由此，本研究首先开发水热改性的木质纤维载体，实现极端嗜热菌的高效固定化，以克服其生物量保持和毒性物质耐受的技术瓶颈；进而利用元蛋白质组学技术，揭示改性载体特征对极端嗜热菌代谢途径的影响规律，并解析其发酵代谢途径对水解液组分变化的动态响应机制，从代谢调控角度进行载体改性和发酵工艺的优化。最终构建适于秸秆水解液乙醇发酵的稳定高效极端嗜热菌群，建立秸秆预处理水解与极端嗜热菌固定化乙醇发酵耦合工艺，为秸秆高效乙醇化的实际应用奠定基础。

Simultaneous fermentation of hexose and pentose is the key issue in lignocellulosic ethanol production. Extreme thermophilic bacteria exhibit obvious advantages in biomass resource due to their broad scope of substances and high efficiency of fermentation. The major concerns on application of extreme thermophilic bacteria include construction of stable and efficient functional bacteria, and identification and control their metabolic pathways. Molecular biological techniques based on metagenomics have limitations for revealing specific expression of gene and real metabolic function. By contrast, metaproteomics in microbial ecology provide an advanced tool for identification and analysis of metabolic pathways. Therefore, immobilization carrier of hydrothermal modified lignocellulosic waste is first to be developed in the current study, and the efficient immobilization of extreme thermophilic bacteria is to be achieved to overcome the limitation on biomass maintain and tolerance of hazardous substance. Metaproteomics technologies are then to be used to reveal the influence of the characteristics of modified carriers on the metabolic pathways of extreme thermophilic bacteria. The response mechanism of the metabolic pathways to the hydrolysate variation is further to be analyzed. The optimization of carrier modifying and fermentation operating will be performed in terms of metabolic pathway control. Finally, stable and efficient extreme thermophilic bacteria are to be constructed for ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and a process combining lignocellulosic pretreatment/ hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation with immobilized extreme thermophilic bacteria is to be established. This research is supposed to provide novel solution and theoretical knowledge for lignocellulosic ethanol production.