过量的机舱噪声会造成乘员听力损伤，降低通用航空服务品质，不利于航空安全。主动降噪座椅是针对机舱环境的专用降噪装置，采用有源噪声控制技术，在乘员的双耳处对消噪声，不会引起佩戴不适，也不会阻碍机舱广播和乘员之间的正常交流。然而，主动降噪座椅面临着诸多技术难题。由于传声器不能被安装在双耳附近，主动降噪座椅中必须采用虚拟传感方法。开放式声学结构导致了双耳间串声和邻座之间的干扰，仍未得到充分的研究。乘员头部的移动带来了定位精度和误差分析的需要。因此，本项目拟针对主动降噪座椅的智能传感理论和控制方法开展研究工作。提出并优化多通道混合控制结构下的辅助滤波方法，增强传声器阵列对复杂声学环境的感知能力。通过声学仿真和实验，研究主动降噪座椅在不同应用场景下的降噪性能。本项目所研究的智能传感理论和控制方法旨在解决主动降噪座椅设计中的关键性问题，为主动降噪座椅的推广提供技术积累和理论支持。

Excessive noise in the cabinet causes hearing loss and travel anxiety of the passenger. To reduce the noise perceived by the passenger, the active noise control (ANC) headrest adopts an open structure to ease the load on the ears and allows verbal communications between the passenger and the flight crew. However, there are three urgent problems of the ANC headrest. Firstly, since microphones cannot be installed on the ears, virtual sensing is an essential method to be carried out. Secondly, differing from the headphones, the open structure does not block the cross-talk paths. So far, this is an overlooked factor in the ANC headrest. Thirdly, many head-tracking methods have been proven to be effective, but the losses of noise reduction performance caused by the localization errors have not been investigated in the ANC headrest. This project targets to solve these problems. Adapted from the virtual sensing method with auxiliary filters, a framework is developed to cater for the multi-channel hybrid ANC structure, which is efficient to suppress both the broadband and narrowband noises. An intelligent microphone array is proposed to automatically select the reference signal that is highly coherent with the error signal and also ensures the causality requirement of the feedforward control. This intelligent microphone array also senses environment changes in order for the control filter coefficients to be set to suitable initial values, which shortens the convergence time. The outcome of this project is a complete set of intelligent sensing and control methods, which are crucial to the development of the ANC headrest.