HIV-1CRF01_AE病毒已成为我国很多地区男男同性性行为(MSM)人群的优势亚型。HIV-1 CRF01_AE病毒致病性强，主要表现为感染者CD4细胞数消耗快和疾病进展快，但机制仍不清楚。HIV-1感染引起肠黏膜损伤，细菌向血循环易位，进而导致全身炎症反应和持续性免疫激活，而抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)并不能完全逆转上述问题。鉴于MSM人群无保护性肛交发生率高，结直肠黏膜损伤重，我们提出假设：MSM人群HIV-1CRF01_AE病毒感染者肠道菌群结构可能与病毒致病性和ART结局有关。本项目拟建立MSM人群我国HIV-1CRF01_AE病毒感染者队列，探讨疾病进展、ART敏感性及ART后免疫重建与感染者肠道菌群结构的关系。本项目将为明确我国HIV-1CRF01_AE病毒的致病机制、优化ART方案和研制益生菌类抗病毒药物提供前期基础。

HIV-1 CRF01_AE virus has become the dominant subtype among men who have sex with men (MSM) in many regions of China. Compared with other subtypes, HIV-1 CRF01_AE virus generally shows a stronger pathogenicity, featured by the fast depletion of CD4 cells and the rapid disease progression of the infected patients. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. HIV-1 infection causes gut mucosal damage and bacterial translocation into the blood circulation, which leads to systemic inflammatory response and continuous immune activation. These disorders cannot be completely reversed by the antiretroviral therapy (ART). Considering the high incidence of unprotected anal intercourse and the frequent colorectal mucosal damage in MSM population, we hypothesize that the gut microbiome structure of MSM population may be related to the pathogenicity of HIV-1 CRF01_AE virus and ART outcomes. This project aims to establish a cohort of MSM infected by HIV-1 CRF01_AE virus in China, and to explore the relationship between disease progression, ART sensitivity, post-ART immune reconstitution and gut microbiome structure of infected patients. This project will provide a preliminary basis for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of HIV-1 CRF01_AE virus, optimizing ART program and developing anti-HIV-1 probiotics in China.