炭角菌属隶属于子囊菌门，在森林生态碳循环中扮演着重要角色，具有重要的生态价值，同时可产生多种活性化合产物，具有较好的药用开发潜力。由于该属严重缺少分子数据、早期形态学描述缺陷、前期进行形态描述时使用不同发育阶段的子座为依据、本身进化过程复杂等原因，炭角菌属分类系统十分混乱。现有分子系统学研究显示炭角菌属与相近属界限不清，属内分支界限不明显。同时中国炭角菌属资源研究严重不足，中国大陆记录种不足已知记录种的1/7。上述问题严重限制了炭角菌属真菌的开发与利用。本项目拟完成两部分工作：①在大量采集与研究中国炭角菌属标本的基础上，结合文献、模式标本，使用形态特征、多基因分子数据，构建炭角菌属更加趋于自然的分类系统，重新修订炭角菌属的分类系统。 ②在中国范围发现一系列炭角菌属新种、新记录种，弥补我国炭角菌属真菌资源研究不足。为炭角菌属内生真菌鉴定提供依据，为中国炭角菌属真菌资源的保护利用提供科学依据。

The genus Xylaria belongs to the Ascomycete, plays an important role in the carbon cycle of forest ecology, and has important ecological value. At the same time, it can produce a variety of active compound products, which has good potential for medicinal development. Because of the serious lack of molecular data, the defects of early morphological description, the misuse of fruitbodies morphological descriptions from different developmental stages, and the complicated evolution process of itself, the classification system of Xylaria is very confusing. Existing molecular systematic studies have shown that the boundary between Xylaria and its similar genus is unclear, and the branch boundaries within the genus are not distinct. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of researches on the resources of the genus Xylaria in China, and the record species in mainland China are less than 1/7 of the known record species. The above problems severely limit the development and utilization of the genus Xylaria. The project intends to complete the following two parts: 1. On the basis of a large number of collections and studies on the specimens of Xylaria in China mainland, combined with literature and type specimens, using morphological characteristics and multi-gene molecular data, this project will revise and construct a more natural classification system for Xylaria. 2. A series of new species and new record species of the genus Xylaria will be discovered in China, making up for the insufficient research on the fungus resources of Xylaria in China. This project can provide a basis for the identification of endophytic fungi of Xylaria and provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of the fungus resources of the genus Xylaria in China.