语篇阅读、会话理解与人际互动过程中语言预设加工的认知神经基础

人类高效交际的特征之一是交际双方在语言沟通过程中倾向于省略双方视角中共享的信息。人脑从有限的、习惯化的语言标记中提取出没有外显给出的预设信息，这一复杂认知过程受到多个因素的制约。本研究力图利用行为、眼动、脑电和功能磁共振成像等技术，考察不同语言理解范式下听话者有效提取与整合预设相关信息的认知神经基础，从而丰富和完善交际过程中语用和非字面意义加工的认知理论模型。我们将回答下列问题：语篇阅读范式下，预设触发语类型如何影响预设信息提取的认知神经基础？会话理解范式下，整体语境中问话者-答话者共同背景、局部语境中预设取消的信息如何影响旁观者理解预设的认知神经基础？无外显共同背景信息提示时旁观者如何理解预设信息的认知神经基础？人际互动范式下，说话者-听话者共同背景改变、有无共同视角、说话者预设意图和交际风格如何影响听话者理解预设的认知神经基础？听话者静息脑网络模式如何预测听话者理解预设的个体差异？

One key function of efficient human communication is that the communicative partner can achieve language comprehension by omitting certain information that is shared between communicative partners. How does the brain retrieve intended information from limited and conventional linguistic markers (such as presupposition in language)? The underlying cognitive processes and neural responses are governed by multiple constraints. This study attempts to examine the neurocognitive basis underlying the effective retrieval and integration of presupposition by the listener in different communicative settings, and to promote the improvement of the theoretical models underlying pragmatic and nonliteral meaning processing. We aim to answer the following questions: How do different types of presupposition trigger affect the retrieval of presupposition during discourse comprehension? How does the common ground information in the global context and the local constraint interact for presupposition comprehension during conversation comprehension from the third-person perspective? How does the presupposition comprehension happen given no common ground information during conversation comprehension from the third-person perspective? How does the common ground information and the common perspective of the speaker and the listener affect the neural basis underlying presupposition comprehension during interpersonal interaction? How do the speaker's intent, the listener's communicative ability and the resting-state neural network pattern predict the presupposition comprehension?