真空环境下滑动电接触部件损伤机理及长寿命摩擦副体系设计

航天工程电接触摩擦副材料的摩擦磨损行为是决定系统信号转换和传输的可靠性、稳定性、精确性和使用寿命的关键，但其受到材料结构、环境、工况等诸多复杂因素的综合影响。本项目针对航天器对长寿命、低摩擦、高耐磨、耐苛刻环境电接触摩擦副材料的需求，系统研究材料组成和结构、多环境（大气，空间真空、原子氧、辐照环境）、多因素（载流、温度/压力、微电弧）等耦合作用下的摩擦磨损性能，通过计算模拟和实验相结合，明确微放电交互作用机制及磨损动力学的科学本质，建立多因素耦合作用下电接触摩擦设计和磨损寿命预测的理论模型；在此基础上，利用外延生长、低温气相沉积、催化诱导等技术，通过组分设计和结构控制，研制出新型长寿命、低摩擦、高耐磨、高电导的电接触摩擦副材料，掌握高性能摩擦副材料的制备技术和延寿方法，这对改善电接触部件的摩擦状态、解决制约航天器可靠性和寿命的瓶颈问题、发展长寿命在轨航天器具有重要的理论意义和重大应用价值。

Friction and wear behaviors of electrical contacting friction counterpart materials have been found to play a significant role on the reliability and stability of aerospace system during signal switch and transmission process. However, it also suffers many influences of complicated factors such as material structure, environment, operating condition etc. This project aims to satisfy the urgent necessary for electrical contacting friction counterpart materials in space field with long life-time, low friction, high wear resistance and cruel environment resistance. Systemic studies are carried out on the friction and wear properties in coupling of material composition and structure, multiple environments (atmosphere, vacuum, atomic oxygen and irradiation), multiple factors (current carrying, temperature/pressure, microelectric arc) etc., and then the interaction mechanism of micro-discharge, the scientific essence of wear dynamics, and the design principle for electrical contact friction counterpart materials are established on the basis of calculation simulation and experimental results. Bearing these aspects in mind, we propose to utilize the epitaxial growth, low-temperature vapor deposition, catalytic induction etc. technologies, and develop new types of long life-time, low friction, high wear resistance and high conductivity electrical contact friction counterpart materials through the component design and structure controlling. The acquisition of those technologies and life extension methods of high-performance electrical contacting materials is of great theoretical and practical values for improving the service performance of electric contact parts, solving the bottleneck problem of the spacecraft reliability and development of long life-time orbiting spacecrafts.