越来越多的研究表明，肿瘤干细胞可能是癌症的罪魁祸首，是肿瘤发生、发展与维持的基础，但是肿瘤干细胞的分离识别十分困难，是肿瘤干细胞研究中亟待解决的瓶颈问题。本项目研制自主知识产权的高通量单细胞分离识别一体化微流控芯片，设计自吸式进样的微流控芯片，将数万个细胞单独分隔到不同的微反应室，实现高通量单细胞快速分离，随即将分离开的单细胞直接反转录PCR，进行肿瘤干细胞鉴定；建立简便的基于微流控芯片的肿瘤干细胞单细胞分离与反转录PCR鉴定新方法，解决肿瘤干细胞特异性鉴定困难的问题。所研制的微流控芯片易于操作、敏感度高（单细胞）、准确性好（可计数）、试剂节省（数微升/片），适合于任何实验室进行肿瘤干细胞等稀少细胞的快速鉴定。本项目为肿瘤干细胞的研究提供一种单细胞分离与特异性鉴定的新工具，用于鉴定肿瘤干细胞的分子遗传特征和特异标志物，为肿瘤学研究提供科学依据，为临床病情判断、病程监控，指导治疗等奠定基础.

A growing number of studies have shown that tumor stem cells (TSCs) may be the culprit of cancer, which is the basis of tumor origination, development and maintenance. However the separation of TSCs is very difficult to identify the bottleneck problem to be solved in the TSCs research. This project develop a novel integrated microfluidic chip with Independent intellectual property rights for high-throughput single-cell separation and identifation. At self-priming injection was designed to drive tens of thousands of cells individually isolated into different micro-reaction chamber to achieve high-throughput single-cell separation of fast, and then the separated single cell RNA was amplified by reverse transcription PCR for TSC identified. Create a simple microfluidic chip-based method on single-cell isolation and reverse transcription PCR amplification for TSCs identification, to solve the problem of tumor stem cell-specific identification. The novel developed microfluidic chip is easy to operate, with high sensitivity (single cell), good accuracy (countable), save reagents (several microliters per chip), suitable for any laboratory for the rapid identification of TSCs and other rare cells. This project provide a new tool for single-cell separation and specific identification on TSCs to be applied to the identification of molecular genetic features and specific markers of TSCs and provide a scientific basis for oncology research. This project lay the foundation for the judgment of the clinical condition, duration of monitoring and to guide treatment.