慢性鼻鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS)是耳鼻咽喉科常见疾病，其诊治尤其是临床疗效问题目前仍是耳鼻咽喉科医生需要面对的一个极具挑战的命题，CRS发病机制的研究目前仍是各国耳鼻咽喉科高度重视的研究领域之一。CRS的防治已成为一全球性社会卫生问题。目前研究显示，Th17/Treg失衡是CRS发病的重要基础，然而Th17/Treg失衡的发生机制尚未阐明。本研究拟以DC-Th轴为主线，以miRNA对DC的调控为切入点，阐述CRS中Th17/Treg失衡的上游事件及其免疫调控因素，探讨miRNA对DC-Th轴的调控及其异常在CRS中的作用和可能的机制。以期明确CRS中DC的miRNA表达谱和DC-Th轴异常的发生机制及其miRNA调控机制，填补国内在miRNA与CRS研究上的空白，对最终阐明CRS的发病机理起到重要推进作用，对CRS防治策略的建立具有潜在临床应用价值。

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), commonly encountered in the ?eld of clinical otorhinolaryngology, is still a challenging proposition for doctors because of its high incidence and the unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Nowadays, studies on the pathogenesis of NP are still attached great importance by researchers from each country. NP has become a global health problem with a considerable socioeconomic burden. Recently, research showed that the impaired balance of Th17/Treg was the significant basis of NP. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of Th17/Treg imbalance was unclear. In this study, DC-Th axis was designed as the main line, and the regulation of miRNA on DC was designed as the entry point. This study aimed to evaluate the upstream events of Th17/Treg imbalance in CRS and their immune regulatory factors. Then we aimed to explore the regulatory role of miRNA on DC-Th axis and its dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CRS, in order to determine the miRNA expression profile in CRS and clarify the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of CRS by regulating the DC-Th axis. This study will play an important role in clarifying the pathogenesis of CRS eventually and will fill the blanks of the research between miRNA and CRS in our country. This study is with important clinical value for establishing control strategies for CRS.