基于飞秒/皮秒脉冲激光的超快时间分辨多通道偏振全息显微成像系统及其应用研究

In recent years, with the deep research on ultrafast laser and laser-matter interaction, how to real-time observe and characterize the evolution of a ultrafast vector beam and the polarization-related micro structural formation induced by ultrafast lasers become an important issue, which urgently awaits to be resolved. In this project, we design an ultrafast time-resolved multi-channel polarization holographic imaging system based on the ultrafast pulse laser (femtosecond/picosecond) and a concrete implementing scheme. Through this project implementation, an experimental platform of the new multi-channel polarization holographic imaging system with femtosecond/picosecond time resolution will be designed and built. Then systematic theoretical analysis and experimental research on the issues about the time resolution, the spatial resolution, the measuring errors of the amplitude and phase, the phase consistency between different polarization channels, crosstalk noise and the stability of the system will be carried out. The system will be further applied in dynamic observing and characterizing polarization sensitive properties of living biological samples and ultrafast laser induced birefringent properties in laser-material interaction. This project will laid the theoretical and experimental foundation to further develop practical ultrafast time-resolved multi-channel polarization holographic microscopes.

近年来随着超快矢量光场及其与物质相互作用研究的深入，如何对超快矢量光场的演化和超快矢量光场与物质相互作用过程中与偏振相关的微结构形成与演化过程进行实时动态观测和表征成为一个亟待解决的重要问题。本项目就是针对这一问题提出的。本项目中，我们提出了一种基于飞秒或皮秒超短脉冲激光的超快时间分辨多通道偏振全息显微成像方法和具体实施方案。 希望通过本项目的实施，建立一个具有飞秒或皮秒时间分辨的新型多通道偏振全息显微成像系统实验平台，并对系统的空间分辨率、时间分辨率、振幅和相位的测量误差、各偏振通道相位测量的一致性、各偏振通道间的串扰噪声、系统的稳定性等问题进行系统的理论分析和实验研究，并应用该系统进行动态生物样品的偏振敏感特性和超快激光感应双折射特性的动态测量和表征研究，为进一步研制与飞秒或皮秒脉冲激光系统匹配的新型超快时间分辨多通道偏振全息显微镜奠定理论和实验基础。

近年来随着新型矢量光场和偏振调控技术的广泛应用，矢量光场与物质相互作用过程中光场的偏振态及偏振敏感介质偏振特性的动态观测和表征技术正在受到越来越多的重视。特别是随着超快矢量光场及其与物质相互作用研究的深入，如何对超快矢量光场的演化和超快矢量光场与物质相互作用过程中与偏振相关的微结构形成与演化过程进行实时动态观测和表征成为一个亟待解决的重要问题。本项目就是针对这一问题提出的。本项目中，我们为了实现对超快脉冲激光与物质相互作用引起的光致双折射和各向异性微结构演化的动态观测和表征，提出了一种基于飞秒或皮秒超短脉冲激光的超快时间分辨多通道偏振全息显微成像方法和具体实施方案。通过本项目的实施，成功涉及制备了一个具有飞秒至皮秒时间分辨的新型多通道偏振全息显微成像系统实验平台，并对系统的空间分辨率、时间分辨率、振幅和相位测量误差、各偏振通道串扰、稳定性等问题进行了系统的理论和实验研究，应用该系统成功实现了动态生物样品的偏振敏感特性和超快激光与物质相互作用过程的动态测量和表征。该研究进一步研制与飞秒或皮秒脉冲激光系统匹配的新型超快时间分辨多通道偏振全息显微镜奠定了理论和实验基础。

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