青藏高原地区的“天空岛”效应对植物染色体变异的影响

“天空岛”效应对植物物种的形成的影响，是近年来进化生物学和生物地理学关注的热点问题。“天空岛”效应是陆地高山物种分化的重要机制之一，染色体变异是植物物种形成及多样性高的一个重要原因，因此很多“天空岛”地区植物的细胞地理分布一直备受关注。青藏高原地区孕育了众多的具有“天空岛”效应的高山地带并且分布有许多特有物种，研究这些代表植物的染色体进化规律能够为区域区系的起源以及物种形成提供重要的证据。但是青藏高原地区的细胞地理分布研究才刚刚起步资料匮乏。本研究运用多种方法手段相结合对这些代表类群开展研究，从物种迁移有水平和垂直两个角度着手，结合特有物种在天空岛地区的谱系地理进化关系，在系统发育及分子生物地理学的基础上，从细胞染色体变异等各个层面来研究“天空岛”效应对物种分化的作用和影响机制，同时结合地理环境及地质历史等进行综合研究，来揭示物种的形成和进化过程。

Island biogeography is a hot topic in evolutionary biology research in recent years，"Sky Island" effect is one of the important mechanisms of species formation and differentiation in terrestrial alpine areas. Especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there are many isolated peaks, and the "Sky Island" effect is very obvious, which is also a concrete manifestation of the "island biogeography" process on land. Therefore, it is important to study the biogeographic effects of "Sky Island" for revealing the species differentiation and the formation of the geographical pattern in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, we will study the "Sky Island" effect on species differentiation and new species formation at chromosome level, and provide cytological evidence for revealing the formation of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The project will select some representative groups which have already had molecular phylogenetic and molecular biogeographic data to carry out extensive cytogeographic studies at both species and population levels, and combining those molecular biogeographic data, to analysis the “Sky Island ” impact on the chromosome variation and evolution of these species. Meanwhile, it will synthesize the information of geographic environment and geological history to probe into the driving role of “Sky Island” on the species formation, this study will provides biological evidence for exploring the formation of alpine or subnival environments on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as well.