纳米零价铁灭活二级出水中病原微生物的特性及机理研究

城市污水二级出水中的病原微生物对人类健康存在潜在威胁，必须经过消毒处理才能再生利用。作为一种新型消毒剂，纳米零价铁因其优良的表面吸附和化学反应活性，对于病原微生物的灭活具有优异的性能，得到了广泛关注和研究。然而，目前的研究一般以实验室配水进行，对实际水质尤其是二级出水中种类繁多的有机物的考虑十分有限。本研究基于城市污水二级出水的水质特征，从有机物的亲/疏水性出发，分别选择模型有机物和实际二级出水的亲/疏水组分构建多组分体系，以模型微生物为对象，系统研究多组分体系中纳米零价铁灭活病原微生物的特性，尤其是溶解性有机物的影响。同时，结合能量代谢和电子传递过程的研究，分析各物种间的界面作用，深入剖析复杂水质中纳米零价铁-微生物-有机物之间的相互作用关系，为将纳米零价铁用于二级出水中病原微生物的灭活提供科学依据和技术指导，为二级出水这种多物质共存体系中的病原微生物的控制奠定基础。

Pathogenic microorganisms in municipal wastewater secondary effluent pose a serious threat to public health, and the secondary effluent can be reclaimed and reused only after disinfection. As a new disinfectant, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) showes superior performance in inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms due to its excellent surface adsorption and chemical reactivity, and receives wide attention and has been popularly studied. However, the present research usually conducts using prepared water in laboratory, and limited attention has been paid to the water quality especially the effects of various organic matters in secondary effluent. In this study, the systems are built according to the water quality characteristics of municipal wastewater secondary effluent. Considering the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of organics, the model organic compounds, the hydrophilic components and hydrophobic components of secondary effluent are used to construct the multicomponent systems. The model microorganisms are used as objects, and the inactivation performance of microorganisms in multicomponent systems by nZVI is studied systematically, especially the effects of dissolved organic matters. Meanwhile, the interactive relationship between nZVI-microorganism-chemicals in complex water is analyzed based on the studies of the energy metabolism and electron transfer process of microorganisms, as well as the interface interaction between species in the systems. The results will provide scientific basis and technical guidance for the application of nZVI to remove pathogenic microorganisms in secondary effluent. It will also lay the foundation for control of pathogenic microorganisms in multi-substance systems such as municipal wastewater secondary effluent.