针对新农合与城镇居民医保（以下简称二者为居民医保）的实际保障效果及其差异性，基于全国范围内大样本面板调查数据- - 中国健康和营养状况调查( China Health and Nutrition Survey ，CHNS)和项目组组织的最新调查数据，借鉴国内外规范的政策评估、实证分析方法，如倍差法、反事实分析法、分位数分解法、集中指数法、有序多分类变量Probit等建立模型，对于我国居民医保应对疾病经济风险的效果；以及城乡之间、地区之间、不同人群之间保障效果的差异性与公平性进行"点面结合"的定量评估；并考察居民医保保障效果差异对于自愿参保政策下居民的参保意愿，以及对居民医保的满意度及其差异的影响。从而为消除居民医保城乡间、地区间、人群间不合理的保障效果差距、更好地应对疾病风险、促进基本医疗保险公共服务的均等化提供实证基础与政策建议。

For the actual protection effect of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) and the Urban Residents' Basic Medical Insurance Scheme(URBMIS) and their differences, on the basis of nationwide panel survey data: China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) and the latest data of the project, we use normative policy assessment and empirical analysis method both at home and abroad to build model, such as Difference-in-Difference, Counterfactual Analysis, Quantile Decomposition, The concentration index , Ordered Probit and so on, in order to make quantitative assessment about the effect of NRCMS and URBMIS respond to economic risk of disease, and the differences and fairness of the protection effect between urban and rural areas, between regions, between different groups of people; at the same time study the influence of the differences of protection effect on the residents' willingness to Participate under voluntary insured policy and on the satisfaction of the residents in NRCMS and URBMIS and their differences. Therefore providing empirical basis and policy recommendations for removing unreasonable differences of protection effect between urban and rural areas, between regions, between different groups of people, for better responding to disease risk, and for promoting the equalization of the Basic Medical Insurance' public service.