当前，我国以行政命令方式为主的节能减排政策体系面临着效果持续性严重不足的问题。在此背景下，为构建节能减排长效工作机制，必须充分发挥市场在资源配置过程中的基础性调节作用，运用价格杠杆对经济部门的要素投入结构和产出结构进行合理调控。然而，由于受市场分割、政府管制、垄断势力等诸多因素制约，我国生产要素市场存在着不同程度的扭曲，限制了市场优化资源配置功能的有效发挥，给节能减排长远目标的顺利实现带来了严峻挑战。 本课题从探寻我国要素市场扭曲产生的根源入手，揭示要素比价关系扭曲导致经济部门资源无效配置乃至能源生产率损失的内在机理；在此基础上，估算六大高耗能行业要素比价关系的扭曲程度，并以Morishima替代弹性为工具，模拟要素比价关系扭曲对各行业投入结构的影响程度，进而考察深化要素市场化改革对提高我国能源生产率的潜在贡献，旨在为节能减排长效工作机制的合理构建提供理论依据。

At present, the effects of China's command and control policys on energy saving and emissions reduction cannot last long. In this context, to build a long-effective working mechanism, we need make full use of marketing function in resource allocations. However, due to the multiple constraints from market segmentations, administrative regulations as well as monopoly powers, the factor markets in China are distorted to varying degrees, which brings about some serious obstructions for China to achieve its long-term targets in energy saving and emissions reduction. In this research, we first explore the deep reasons for China's factor market distortions, and then dissect the inherent mechanisms from factor market distortions to the loss of economic-wide energy productivity for some economic sectors. Subsequently, this research estimates the extents to which the price relations among capital, labor and energy are distorted, and then examines the potentia contributions for energy productivity improvements if these distortions in factor market could be rectified. Based on the fianl conclusions, this research aims to propose some valueable policy implications for China to achieve its long-term targets in energy saving and emissions reduction.