情绪调节能力对情绪智力至关重要。男女的情绪调节能力对正负性情绪调节的认知加工和大脑机制的影响并不相同。以往关于情绪调节能力的研究存在以下缺陷：1)忽视了对情绪调节能力性别差异的探讨；2）即使少数研究探讨性别差异，仅针对基于杏仁核的负性情绪调节环路，忽视了脑岛环路和基于伏隔核的正性情绪调节环路；3）把单一的认知重评/表达抑制策略得分或者任务表现作为总的情绪调节能力。本项目拟采用情绪调节分量表考察个体总的情绪调节能力，通过正负性情绪调节任务，结合行为、任务态和静息态功能磁共振成像技术，对情绪调节能力不同的男性和女性在情绪调节过程中的行为反应模式及脑功能神经环路进行测查和比较，最终建立情绪调节能力性别差异在情绪调节过程中的认知和神经模型，为性别相关的情绪调节功能失调的诊断和治疗提供证据和可靠指标。

Emotion regulation ability is crucial for emotional intelligence. Sex-related emotion regulation ability differs in the cognitive process and brain mechanisms of the positive and negative emotion regulation. Three limitations of previous studies can be noted： 1) ignoring the effects of sex difference on emotion regulation ability; 2) focusing on the neural circuits of negative emotion regulation based on amygdala, while ignoring the insula and the neural circuits of positive emotion regulation based an accumbens; 3) measuring the score or the response of reappraisal/suppression questionnaire or task as the whole emotion regulation ability. In the using the emotion regulation scale based on the positive and negative emotion regulation task combined with the behavioral analysis and the resting- and task- functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the sex-related cognitive system of emotion regulation and the underlying neural circuits. By comparing the different processes of cognitive and brain networks in males and females with different levels of emotion regulation ability, the current projects aims to build a neurocognitive model of sex-related emotion regulation ability and to provide reliable behavioral and neural markers for clinical diagnosis and treatment of sex-related emotion dysfunction.