进化是生物变异与适应的源头，人工选择是进化重要推动力。NBS-LRR 类抗病基因在抵御植物病原物方面起着极其重要的作用，是自然和人工选择进化的一类重要基因家族，在玉米全基因组水平上研究近缘种与栽培种该类基因的遗传差异和进化特点，对揭示人工选择进化分子机制具有重要意义。该项目拟通过玉米全基因组NBS-LRR 类抗病基因的鉴定和分类，获取90个已高通量测序的代表性栽培种和野生近缘种该类基因的DNA 序列，分析近缘种与栽培种间该类基因遗传多态性及人工选择压，鉴别出人工选择下的适应性基因，分析重要适应性基因的进化分子特征，从而阐明NBS-LRR 类抗病基因的分子进化机制。该项研究目前尚未见报道，其研究结果对丰富人工选择条件下全基因组水平多基因家族的遗传变异和分子进化理论，发掘重要的适应性的功能抗病基因具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

Evolution is the source of biological variation and adaptation, and the artificial selection is a significant impetus of evolution. NBS-LRR-encoding genes have been proven to play an extremely important role in resisting plant pathogens, which is a major class of gene family evolved by natural and artificial selection. It is meaningful to reveal the evolution mechanism of artificial selection through investigating on the genetic variation and evolution characteristics between wild relative species and cultivars of these genes in maize. To analyze the genetic polymorphism and artificial selection pressure and identify adaptive genes under artificial selection between wild relative species and cultivars, the DNA sequences of the maize NBS-LRR-encoding genes of the 90 high-throughput sequencing species will be obtained based on the whole genome identification and classification of the NBS-LRR-encoding genes in this work. Moreover, the evolution characteristic and pattern of the adaptive genes will be analyzed, thus to illuminate the evolution mechanism of the NBS-LRR-encoding genes. To date, there is no report on the current research. The results of this research will provide fundamental theoretical significance and application value to understand the theory of genetic variation and molecular evolution of multi-gene family on the whole genome level, and the identification for important adaptive functional genes under artificial selection.