离子束治癌是当今肿瘤治疗最科学、最有效的方法之一。但目前基于常规加速器的离子治疗设备体积庞大、造价昂贵、维护和运行费用不菲。由高功率激光器和固体靶组成的小型激光质子加速器在可以像常规射频离子加速器那样产生高能质子，而其在价格和体积上具有无可比拟的优势。未来医用的质子激光加速系统不仅造价远低于目前常规的加速设备，而且体积小，维护方便、运行费用低廉，可放置于大型综合性医院，将十分有利于质子治癌和诊断技术的普及和推广。本项目针对从实验室阶段的激光加速质子源到医用激光小型加速器发展过程中的重要理论问题和关键技术拟进行多单位协同攻关，力争在脉冲质子束信息采集、剂量估算、治疗方案制定和疗效评估等方面取得突破，探索癌症治疗加速器小型化的途径和方法，提升我国肿瘤整体综合治疗水平，学术水平，造福广大肿瘤患者。

Hadron cancer radiotherapy has been proven to be one of the most effective way for human cancer treatment. However, current particle radiotherapy facilities using conventional accelerator based hadron beams are huge in size and very costy, unaffordable for most cities in China. Recent development of laser technology leads to the discovery of a new generation of accelerators - laser-driven ion accelerators. They can generate energetic ions with table-size high power laser. Based on this new technique, future small scale proton radiotherapy centers can be accommodated within the infrastructure of existing hospitals, and the cost of hardon cancer radiotherapy can be greatly reduced. This proposal focuses on the import theoretical problems and key technique challenges from laser-driven ion source to medical laser-driven accelerators. We hope to achieve encouraging breakthroughs in ion beam information collection, dose calculation, treatment plan generation and biomedical effect evaluation for future laser-driven proton therapy system. The success of this proposal can promote the overall level of radiotherapy of China and benefits Chinese tumor patients.