南极阿德雷岛阶地微生物从海洋转向陆地定殖过程中的演替和演化研究

从海洋到陆地的过渡是微生物演化历程中最根本的转变之一。但是在陆地定殖进程中微生物群落的演替和微生物个体的演化过程尚不清楚，而探索其中的规律和机制对于南极抬升海岸生态系统的保护具有重要意义。.我们之前的研究发现了一个研究微生物海陆演替的理想场所-南极阿德雷岛的全新世抬升海岸阶地，本项目拟通过运用Hi-C 宏基因组测序和微流控分离培养等新技术对该阶地各层微生物群落的结构和功能、单个微生物的基因组和功能、微生物间信息和遗传物质的传递进行比较研究，推测微生物演替的过程和演化的机制。接合环境信息，进行微生物与土壤、岩石、植被的相关性分析，建立生态演替模型，探索随着由海洋转向陆地定殖过程中生态系统网络的驱动因子、关键菌种、关键功能、发生演替演化的必然性和偶然性的平衡以及可能的扰动因素。从而为预测南极抬升海岸生态系统对环境改变的响应和影响，以及获得具有应用价值和可用于演化研究的基因及微生物资源奠定基础。

Marine-to-terrestrial transition represents one of the most fundamental shifts in microbial life. However, the succession of microbial communities and the evolution of microbial individuals during terrestrial colonization are unclear. Exploring the process and mechanisms therein is of great significance for the protection of the Antarctic uplift coastal ecosystem. Our previous research found an ideal place to study microbial community succession of marine to terrestrial colonization -the staircase of Holocene uplift coast in Antarctic Ardley Island. This project intends to compare the structure and function of microbial communities, the microbial genome and function, the transfer of information and genetic material in the Ardley staircase chronosequence by using new technologies such as Hi-C-meta and microfluidic isolation and culture. Inferring the process and mechanism of microbial succession and evolution. It is planned to combine environmental information such as soil and vegetation, analyze the correlation between microorganisms and soil, rocks, and vegetation, establish an ecological succession model, and explore the driving factors, key bacteria and function, the balance between stochastic and deterministic of succession, and possible disturbance factors. This will lay the foundation for predicting the response and impact of Antarctic terrace ecosystems to environmental changes, and obtaining genetic and microbial resources for application and evolutionary research.