早发现、早治疗是糖尿病治疗的最佳策略，PET可以定量、无创地对糖尿病提供早期诊断和疗效评价等明确信息。糖尿病最主要的病理特征是胰岛β细胞的减少，研究基于胰岛β细胞靶向的PET分子探针对糖尿病PET显像具有重要意义。相当多的已有探针存在特异性不高、无法准确定量胰岛β细胞的不足。我们前期研究发现，五羟色胺转运体（SERT）作为新靶点大量表达在胰岛β细胞。本项目以SERT作为研究靶点，通过化学结构修饰和18F标记化学研究，得到基于SERT靶向的分子探针。并通过胰岛细胞摄取抑制实验、正常大鼠和糖尿病模型鼠的生物分布、胰腺组织自显影研究和PET/CT显像研究等生物评价方法，筛选性质优良的PET分子探针，实现胰岛β细胞的准确定量检测。期望为糖尿病的诊疗靶点提供可靠的理论和实验依据。

Early detection and treatment are the best strategies for the treatment of diabetes. PET can provide quantitative and non-invasive information for the early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of diabetes. The most important pathological feature of diabetes is the decrease of pancreatic islet β cells. The study of PET molecular probes targeting pancreatic islet β cells is of great significance for the development of diabetic PET imaging. A considerable number of existing probes are not specific enough to accurately quantify islets. In our previous study, we found that SERT, as new targets, were largely expressed in islet β cells. In this project, SERT were used as research targets, and molecular probes targeting SERT were obtained through chemical structure modification and 18F labeling chemical research. PET molecular probes with excellent properties were screened for accurate detection of islet β cells by means of inhibition of islet cell uptake experiments, biodistribution of normal rats and diabetic model rats, autoradiography of pancreatic tissue and PET/CT imaging. It is expected to provide a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.