胰岛移植和/或者骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植有望成为根治糖尿病的理想方法，但是MSCs面临着诱导分化率低和自身免疫损伤两大难题；胰岛移植存在胰岛来源短缺、营养不足、即刻血液介导炎症反应（IBMIR）和免疫排斥等影响胰岛移植效果的障碍。针对上述问题，本课题拟开展BMSCs与胰岛共培养种植于光氧化交联小肠粘膜下层（SIS）构建人工生物胰岛的研究，期望利用人工生物胰岛中胰岛细胞微环境促进骨髓间充质干细胞高效分化为胰岛样细胞；利用SIS作为BMSCs和胰岛的移植载体，为干细胞增殖和定向分化提供适合的生理微环境，同时利用SIS重构原有胰岛细胞外基质结构,重建胰岛赖以生存的微环境；通过SIS及MSCs作用促进胰岛内血管再生、解决胰岛移植后的缺氧状况和免疫损伤；利用人工生物胰岛中MSCs与SIS的屏障作用避免胰岛移植物与血液的直接接触，从而防止IBMIR和免疫损伤的发生，减少胰岛移植物丢失。

Islet transplantation and / or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation is expected to become the ideal way to cure diabetes. While BMSCs faced the problem of low differentiation rate and autoimmune damage. The shortage of islet sources, nutrient deficiencies, immediate blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) and immune rejection had limited islet transplantation. Focusing on these problems, this project intends to seed the BMSCs cocultured with pancreatic-islets (PIs) on the photooxidated small intestinal mucosa lower (SIS) to build artificial biological islet. We expect to achieve the following objectives: Facilitate BMSCs differentiate into IPCs by changing the microenvironment of the cells to provide signals that might activate metabolic pathways is to use co-cultures with the microenvironment of the PIs; SIS allow diffusion of cell nutrients and induce BMSCs proliferation and differentiation.In addition, SIS can provide an ECM and possible biotrophic and growth factors, which promote the recovery and subsequent function of islets after transplantation. It may also limit direct blood contact and thus reduce both IBMIR and alloimmune rejection.