东北黑土区是重要的商品粮基地，对我国粮食供应和食品安全至关重要。施肥作为农业生产的重要环节，能改变土壤性质，影响土壤肥力。土壤生物地球化学性质，尤其是土壤微生物区系，是评价土壤质量、维持土壤肥力和作物生产力的关键指标，通过对其良性调控，能够在施肥减量的同时，实现作物稳产高产，是可持续农业发展的新出路。本研究拟借助高通量测序平台和现代生物信息学技术，以黑龙江省36年长期定位实验土壤为研究对象，开展长期施肥对黑土理化性质、关键酶活性、生物化学过程强度、微生物区系的影响，表征土壤微生物区系特征及其与关键土壤功能的耦合效应，并通过选育高效植物根际促生菌对退化土壤定向培育及原位调控。研究结果将从土壤生物地球化学特征和土壤微生物区系的角度，解析长期施肥对东北黑土肥力的影响，并通过调控土壤微生物区系达到改善土壤质量的目的，为建立合理的施肥制度，发展绿色生态农业提供科学依据。

The black soil in northeastern China, as a commodity grain base, played an important role in food supply and security. In agricultural industry, fertilization was a common practice and could change the soil physicochemical property, nutrient, enzyme activity, microbial diversity, abundance and composition, so was soil fertility. Soil biogeochemical characteristics, especially microbiome, were related to soil fertility and crop productivity, and could be in-situ regulated by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). A good microbiome could get high and stable crop yields without more fertilizer input. Thus, the in-situ regulation will lead a new insight to construct a sustainable agriculture. In this study, black soil will be sampled from different fertilization treatments in a long-term fertilization experiment, established by Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1979. Soil physicochemical property, enzyme activity, biochemical processes under long-term fertilization will be assessed. The next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics technologies will be used to analyze soil microbiome and the relationship with soil property. Based on the analysis mentioned above, the influence of long-term fertilization on black soil fertility will be revealed, and the soil quality will be improved by microorganism in-situ regulation. The results will be great meaningful to the rational utilization of fertilizer and agricultural sustainable development.