基于爆源作用机制分析的爆破地震波成分辨识与时空演化规律研究

爆破地震波通常由压缩波、剪切波和瑞利面波等共同组成，但现有爆破振动衰减规律和安全判据研究中并未考虑爆破地震波的波型和组分差异，会制约着对结构安全和爆破振动破坏机制的准确评价与认识。本项目拟围绕岩石爆破诱发地震波的爆源机制与时空演化规律关键科学问题，区分爆破地震波的波型和组分，并考虑实际爆破中爆源特征的差异，开展如下研究：通过分析不同形状药包的爆腔几何特征及其激发的应力波场，阐明不同典型爆破孔(主爆或缓冲孔、预裂孔及光爆孔)的爆源特征与力学作用机制；基于爆源作用机制的分析，阐释不同类型波的形成过程及其传播与运动特性，辨识岩石爆破诱发地震波的成分及主导作用波型；结合实测爆破振动波形，探明不同波的时空演化规律及作用分区，揭示不同波的影响作用机理及振动破坏机制，提供考虑波型的爆破振动安全评价与控制的方法。研究成果可丰富爆破地震效应研究的内涵，并有望推动改进现有的爆破振动安全判据。

The blast-induced seismic waves generally consist of the compressional wave, shear wave and Rayleigh wave etc. However, the current studies on the attenuation law and safety criteria of blast vibration never consider the differences of wave-type and wave-component, which inevitably impedes the accurate evaluation of the structure safety and the understanding of the vibration failure mechanism. This project is intended to focus on the source mechanism and space-time evolution laws of seismic waves induced by rock blasting, and conduct a series of studies with the differences of wave-type, wave-component, and the source characteristics in practical rock blasting considered. At the first stage, the source characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of different kinds of blastholes (including the main blastholes or buffer blastholes, the presplitting blastholes, and the smooth blastholes) will be investigated, by analyzing the geometric-cavity characteristics of different shapes of explosive and their stress wave fields. At the second stage, the generation process of different waves and their propagation and motion properties will be studied upon the knowledge of the source mechanism of blasting. Besides, the seismic components and the dominant wave-type induced by rock blasting will be identified as well. At the last stage, the space-time evolution laws of different waves and their influence areas will be investigated in combination with the measured blast vibration waveforms. Moreover, the influence mechanism and the vibration failure criterion of different waves will be revealed. As a result, the safety evaluation and control method of blast vibration considering the wave-type will be provided. This project could enrich the understanding of blast-induced seismic effects, and is expected to promote the improvement of the existing safety criteria of blast vibration.