Trade-off效应(截留率与通量矛盾)是分离领域面临的重要挑战之一，而多级孔材料是解决这一问题的有效途径。但其仍存在“孔道贯通性与力学(分离)性能无法兼顾”、“孔结构分级调控困难”及“规模制备”等难题。本项目提出利用三元高分子共混体系(结晶性高分子A、与其热力学相容的组分B及与二者均不相容的组分C)结晶和相分离行为，实现多级孔构筑与分级调控的新策略。即组分C在均一的A/B基体中形成微米级岛状微区，基体中组分B分散于聚合物A的片晶或晶叠之间，构成二者的纳米级双连续结构；采用选择性溶剂去除B和C，可制备由纳米级狭长孔连接微米级圆孔的贯通多级孔材料。上述特殊结构不仅有利于提高其力学与分离性能，而且可以通过结晶和相分离两级相对独立的模板，实现多级孔结构的分级调控；此外，拟采用的熔融共混加工方式适宜于工业化生产。本项目研究结果将为多级孔构筑、调控、分离性能优化及规模制备提供新思路。

Trade-off effect remains as a great challenge in separation field (e.g. oil/water emulsion). Hierarchically porous polymers (HPPs) have been regarded as a promising solution for it. However, there are some open problems in HPPs, including the balance of interpenetrated channels and mechanical/separation performances, structure manipulation and mass production. In this proposal, therefore, a new strategy based on phase separation and crystallization in ternary blend has been developed for the fabrication and precise structure control of HPPs. In ternary blend, phase separation produces sea-island structures. The “sea” phase is composed of crystalline and amorphous components. During the crystallization of the former, the amorphous one has been excluded to the inter-lamellar or inter-fibrillar regions, resulting in the bicontinuous structures in nanoscales. Both amorphous component (in sea phase) and island phase can be removed by the selective solvent. Therefore, we can prepare HPPs in which circular pores (from island) are connected by narrow nano-pores (from amorphous component). The proposed strategy exhibits the following advantages. Firstly, the special structures (circular pores connected by narrow nano-pores) are benefit to the improvement of mechanical performance; secondly, in separation, the rejection ratio can be enhanced since it is dominated by the width of narrow nano-pores. Meanwhile, the existence of circular pore and the length of narrow nano-pores contribute to the higher magnitude of flux; thirdly, it is facile to tailor the porous structure by the templates of phase separation and crystallization in two scales; finally, the adopted melting process is suitable for the mass production. Our results can open an avenue for the fabrication and structure manipulation of HPPs, accounting for the better performance in oil/water separation.