基于生物嗅觉机理采用时空模式特征的仿生电子鼻研究

电子鼻是模拟生物嗅觉原理构建的智能分析仪器，与人工感官审评法和现代分析仪器相比，具有客观、快速、简单和低价等优点。但目前电子鼻从概念到设计都还局限于有限结构和功能上的仿生，其气味识别过程及能力与动物相比显得非常笨拙。本项目拟在工程技术角度研究生物嗅觉机理，借鉴其多种仿生元素，改进电子鼻中气敏传感阵列和信息处理算法两大关键技术，以实现一种在结构、行为和功能上更接近生物嗅觉的仿生电子鼻系统，具体包括：研究基于鼻腔构造和黏膜功能的仿生气室及传感阵列，采用工作温度调制技术和透气膜延迟技术获取复杂气味成分的综合时空信息；研究嗅球和嗅皮层的时空模式识别和随机共振现象，改进和整合多种侧重不同环节的嗅觉模型，构建仿生信息处理算法，以适合直接加工上述时空气味信息，增强学习与识别能力。预期研究成果可用于环境、食品等领域对大量复杂气味的精细辨识或感官审评，同时期望突破电子鼻的传统框架，促进人工嗅觉的理论发展。

Electronic nose is a kind of intelligent analytical instrument for mimicking the basic mechanism of biological olfactory system. Due to its advantages such as objectivity, quickness, simplicity and low-cost, over traditional sensory panel method and modern analytical instruments, it has been caused wide attention in many areas. However, the existing simulation of biological olfaction of electronic noses remains very limited, which makes them much clumsier than animal sensing. Aiming at designing a bionic electronic nose that is much similar to biological olfaction in structure, behavior and function, this proposal focuses on improving the two key technologies of electronic nose, i.e., gas sensor array and information processing algorithm, through introducing more bionic factors from biological olfactory system. Firstly, a bionic gas chamber and sensor array based on nasal structure and mucosa function will be studied, using working temperature modulating technique and permeable membrane delay technique, to acquire the synthetic spatiotemporal information of complex odors. Secondly, a bionic information processing algorithm will be built, by using spatiotemporal pattern recognition and stochastic resonance approaches, and integrating three or more olfactory neural system models, for directly processing that kind of array signals with benefit for enhancing learning and recognition ability. Expected research achievements could be used in precisely odor recognition for environmental monitoring and sensory quality evaluating in food industry. What is more, this research may be expected to break through traditional frame of electronic nose system, and to promote a theory development of artificial olfaction.