槟榔依赖(BQD)是一种以失去自我控制、强迫性反复用药为特征的慢性复发性脑疾病，长期嚼食会增加口腔癌等多种肿瘤的患病风险，但BQD成瘾机制不清。申请人前期从功能分离的角度发现前扣带回(ACC)结构功能改变与BQD有关，而遗传背景对这些异常的影响及与BQD冲动、认知等行为障碍的交互作用尚不明确。本项目通过引入槟榔依赖ACC脑结构、功能网络作为影像学内表型，进行易感基因GABAA受体基因单核苷酸多态性—ACC脑网络—BQD行为学关联分析，这一基于多模态磁共振脑网络分析技术的影像遗传学研究策略，通过集成不同水平的数据信息，在于阐明(1)ACC结构和功能网络调控BQD冲动及认知等行为的机制；(2)GABAA受体基因多态性调控槟榔依赖ACC脑网络的神经机制。本项目可能深入揭示BQD的神经病理机制，进而为槟榔依赖生物学靶点的建立和治疗提供科学依据。

Betel quid dependence (BQD) is a chronic relapsing brain disease which is characterized by lost self-control and compulsively repeated drug intake. Long-term chewing BQ increases the morbidity of oral cancers and other tumors, yet why people develop BQD is still unclear. In our previous studies, from the perspective of functional separation, we found that the structural and functional changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play an important role in BQD. However, the genetic and ACC neural network basis of individual differences in how risk for BQD unfolds across behavioral disorders development (including impulsion and recognition etc.) remains unknown. Using the ACC structural and functional brain network as the imaging endophenotypes of BQD, this project aims to analyze the correlation between the GABAA receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphism-ACC brain network-BQD behaviors to explain the regulatory mechanisms of (1) ACC structural and functional brain network on BQD behaviors and (2) the GABAA gene polymorphisms on the ACC brain networks. This imaging genetics strategy, based on multimodal MRI brain network analysis method, may reveal the in-depth neuropathological mechanisms of BQD via multilevel data collection and provide further scientific evidence for biological targets and the treatment of BQD.