月球背面着陆器测定位和多探测器巡航段测定轨关键技术研究

同时发射多个探测器是我国深空探测今后数年的主要探测方式。比如，近几年将发射的嫦娥四号由月球车、着陆器及中继星组成，并同时携带两个科学探测小卫星。嫦娥四号将首次实现月球背面软着陆，故月球背面着陆器的测定位技术急需研究。中继星和两个小卫星各自且同时飞向月球，故巡航段的多探测器联合测定轨技术也需研究。针对我国探月和深空探测任务的迫切需求，本项目主要开展两方面的研究：一是研究基于4程多普勒测量的月球背面着陆器的测定位技术，二是研究基于同波束VLBI观测的巡航段的多探测器联合测定轨技术。解决的关键科学技术问题为：一是首次解决基于4程多普勒测量的月球背面着陆器的测定位关键技术问题，二是首次解决月球巡航段的多探测器联合测定轨关键技术问题。上述两项关键技术均为国际上首次遇到的问题，它们的解决将为嫦娥四号以及将来的载人登月和月球极区探测等类似的探月和深空探测任务测定轨和测定位提供强有力技术支撑。

Launching multiple spacecrafts in the coming years in our country is the main approach to detect. In recent years, for example, we will launch Chang'E-4, which is composed of a lunar rover, a lander and a relay satellite, together with two small scientific satellites. CE-4 will be the first to achieve soft landing on the lunar farside, therefore, the position determination of a lunar lander on the farside is necessary to study. In CE-4, a relay satellite and two small satellites separately fly to the moon at the same time, so the combined orbit determination for multiple spacecrafts is necessary. Aiming the urgent need of lunar and deep-space missions, we will study in two aspects in this research. One is to study 4-way Doppler measurement technology for position determination of a lander on the lunar farside. The other is to study same-beam VLBI technology for orbit determination of multiple spacecrafts flying to the moon. In this research, we will solve these two key techniques in the first time of the world. These techniques will strongly support high-accuracy orbit and position determination of the future missions such as CE-4 and manned lunar spacecrafts etc.