梨雌蕊S-RNase作为控制梨自交不亲和性的关键产物一直是果树界的研究热点。由于不同S-RNase的等电点和分子量等特性相近，这使得现有的蛋白质分离技术很难将雌蕊内两种复合的S-RNase进行分离提纯，因此单一S-RNase的功能特性如何，国际上鲜有报道。本研究在创制了梨S基因纯合体种质的基础上，以其为试材，直接从花柱中提取获得单一纯合的梨雌蕊S-RNase。通过分析不同纯合体雌蕊S基因及其蛋白产物的表达特性，明确雌蕊授粉后单一S-RNase表达谱的差异及其对花粉管生长的调控机制，阐明S基因纯合体花粉管应答自身S-RNase识别作用的核DNA变化、线粒体结构及细胞骨架变化的机理，来揭示雌蕊单一S-RNase和花粉相互应答作用的反应特点。本研究将建立利用S基因纯合体深入研究梨配子体自交不亲和性机理的新体系，可为完善梨配子体自交不亲和性理论体系做出重要的理论补充，研究成果有着重要的理论意义。

The S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) in the pyrus style as the important protein to control pear self -incompatibility has been focus by the pomology experts. In the pistil of the Pyrus, there have two different S-RNase genes at the same S-locus, which makes two different S-RNase products. The extraction of the S-glycoprotein is actually the complexes protein. Due to the separation technology is difficult to compound the S-glycoprotein and purification, there just have few reports by the functional characteristics of a single pistil S-RNase in the international research. In order to overcome this issues, we used the S-gene homozygote germplasm to extract the pure single S-RNase products. Through analysis of the differences in characteristics of the pistil different single S-RNase, reveal the regulatory mechanism of the single S-RNase on pollen recognition and pollen tube growth, and clarify homozygote pollen S-gene response S-RNase recognition of nuclear DNA changes and cytoskeletal changes, to explore the pistil single S-RNase specific funcation in pyrus.This study will establish a new system to research pear gametophytic self-incompatibility mechanism by S-RNase gene homozygote germplasm. The results of the study could improve the molecular mechanisms of pyrus pistil and pollen,which have important theoretical significance .