地表灰尘是城市环境污染物的源和汇。城市地表灰尘中的重金属已成为城市环境和人类健康最重要的威胁之一。随着绿洲城市化进程的加快，具有特殊环境背景的西北干旱区绿洲城市地表灰尘污染问题越来越突出，对众多生命健康和城市环境质量造成威胁。本项目以新疆乌鲁木齐市为研究区，以地表灰尘重金属污染风险为深入剖析对象，系统分析绿洲城市不同功能区地表灰尘与大气颗粒物（PM2.5和PM10）中重金属元素含量、赋存形态以及主要来源，进行地表灰尘与大气颗粒物中重金属元素迁移规律和相互作用机理研究，阐明绿洲城市地表灰尘重金属污染的大气污染效应；采用Monte-Carlo模拟，开展人群暴露全景剖析，获得本土化的暴露参数，基于US EPA健康风险评价模型，构建符合绿洲城市污染特征的健康风险快速评估模型，对地表灰尘重金属污染的潜在健康风险进行评估，以期丰富健康风险评价理论，同时为居民身体健康和绿洲城市环境污染防治提供科学依据。

Surface dust is the source and gathering place of urban environmental pollutants. Heavy metals in urban ground surface dust are one of the most serious threats affecting human health and urban environments. With the rapid development of oasis urbanization, the problems of pollution of soil environment of oasis cities, which has a special environmental background, in northwest arid zones of China is becoming more and more serious, and has threatened the human health and urban environmental quality. In this project, choosing the typical oasis city, Urumqi, Xinjiang, as the study area, taking the pollution risks of heavy metals in surface dust as the main analyzing object, the contents, chemical forms, pollution characteristics and main sources of heavy metal in surface dust and atmospheric particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) for different functional areas will be systematically analyzed. Based on the analysis of the migration and interaction mechanism of heavy metals in surface dust and atmospheric particulates, the atmospheric pollution effect of heavy metal pollution of urban surface dust will be clarified. Using Monte-Carlo simulation and the population exposure analysis, the localized exposure parameters will be obtained, and based on the US EPA health risk assessment model, a quick assessment model of health risks in accord with the characteristics of oasis city will be constructed to assess the potential health risks of heavy metal pollution of ground surface dust of oasis city. Results of this project will be helpful for enriching the health risk assessment theory, and will be provided scientific basis for the human health and environmental pollution prevention of oasis cities.