新疆地区烟粉虱优势天敌桨角蚜小蜂的生态适应性及控害效应

世界性重大入侵物种烟粉虱通过直接危害和传播番茄黄化曲叶病毒对新疆的植棉业和设施农业造成巨大危害。Q型烟粉虱取代B型及其严重的抗药性问题使已经成功建立的B型烟粉虱高效化学防治技术体系效果下降，甚至失去控制作用，生物防治成为烟粉虱可持续治理的重要措施。本项目针对新疆吐鲁番盆地新发现的烟粉虱优势天敌桨角蚜小蜂（Eretmocerus sp.），通过传统分类和现代分类技术相结合进行种类鉴定；在田间自然环境和室内模拟条件下，采用行为学、生物学和生态学等多学科的原理和方法，研究该寄生蜂对新疆吐鲁番盆地高温干旱、作物结构以及化学防治措施等的生态适应性与可塑性，探讨该寄生蜂面对自然环境和人为环境胁迫的生存、繁殖和补偿响应；以期丰富寄生蜂的适应性和进化理论，探索全球气候变化对生物多级生态系统的影响，明确新发现的桨角蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的控害作用，达到通过保护和利用该优势天敌资源高效持续地防控烟粉虱的最终目的。

Invasive alien species of Bemisia tabaci has caused great losses by direct damage and transmission of TYLCV to cotton industry and facility agriculture in Xinjiang. The high efficient chemical control system to B biotpe failed in the control of B. tabaci along with the replacement of Q biotype with serious reisstance to pesticides. Biological control turned into a key measure to the long term and sustainable management of B.tabaci in Xinjiang. Ecological adaptation and control effect to B. tabaci of a new dominant parasitic wasp Eretmocerus sp.in Xinjiang region were studied with the principle and methods of behaviour ecology, reproduction biology and population ecology in indoors and field condition, including the studys of ecological adaptability and plasticity to different crop system, high temperature and drought climate condition, as well as the chemical control measures; aimed to discuss the survival,reprouduction and the compensatory effects strategies when the wasp faced with both the environment and man-made stress; aimed to enrich the theories of the adaptability and evolution about parasitic wasp, to explore the effects of the global climate change to biology multilevel ecological system, to confirm the control effect of Eretmocerus sp.to B. tabaci, and to achieve the ultimate purpose of high efficient and sustainable management of B. tabaci by protection and utilization of the dominant nature enemy resource.