胎儿的脊柱发育先天性畸形颇为多见，但相关研究较少，本研究选取290例12～40周脊柱、脊髓发育正常的人类胚胎标本，进行3.0T MRI扫描，并进行相应层面的组织学切片及染色，对照分析脊柱、脊髓发育的动态变化。包括：(1)椎体骨化中心的数量及出现时间、融合时间；(2)椎间盘出现的时间、大小变化及间盘信号的变化；(3)脊髓颈膨大、腰膨大出现的时间、脊髓灰质与白质的面积、MR信号变化及脊髓圆锥的位置变化；(4)将胚胎脊柱、脊髓进行切片并进行尼氏染色、乙酰胆碱酯酶组织化学染色及HE染色，阐述MR图像的形态学依据及信号基础；(5)建立胚胎脊柱、脊髓发育的数据库，并制作其发育图谱。 本研究旨在丰富与完善人类脊柱、脊髓发育的胚胎学与影像学资料，为临床宫内胎儿脊柱、脊髓发育状况的诊断与评估提供指导，以提高异常胎儿诊断及检出水平，提高人口出生质量。

The congenital malformation of fetal spinal column development is very common, while the correlated studies were reported. In this study, 290 normal human embryo specimens (12-40 week) were scanned using 3.0T MR scanner, and the corresponding histology slives and staining was obtained. The development of vertebral column and spinal cord was studied conrrespondingly. Including: (1)the quantity and emergence and syzygium time of centrum ossification center; (2) the emergence time, size and MR signal changes of intervertebral disk;(3) the emergence time of cervical enlargement, the area of spinal gray and white nucleus, MR signal changes and situation changes of conus medullaris; (4) the histology slives of fetal vertebral column and spinal cord, Nissl's staining, AChE enzymohistochemistry staining and HE staining, to explain the morphologic and signal foundation of MR images; (5) the establishment of databank for fetal vertebral column and spinal cord development, and its development atlas. The purpose of this study is to consummate the embryology and imageology data of human vertebral column and spinal cord development. It is helpful for the evaluation of fetal development, increasing the detection of abnormal fetus and the human birth quality.