动脉化疗栓塞治疗是中晚期肝癌治疗手的主要手段，但栓塞治疗后肿瘤细胞的残留和免疫逃逸是限制其疗效的关键。免疫抑制途径PD-1/PD-L1对机体免疫耐受和肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸具有重要意义。然而，迄今对sPD-L1与导致肝癌栓塞治疗后发生肿瘤进展的机制未有深入研究。我们前期实验提示sPD-L1的表达水平与肝癌动脉化疗栓塞疗效密切相关，但其作用机制有待进一步研究。为此，我们提出假说，在肝癌栓塞治疗中，由于PD-1/PD-L1的阻断作用，T细胞无法有效活化, 不能及时清除播散的肝癌细胞，导致肿瘤进展。本研究旨在通过通过ELISA、FCM等手段，从分子、细胞、动物整体水平等多方面，探讨sPD-L1在肝癌动脉栓塞治疗中诱发癌细胞免疫逃逸机制，阐述sPD-L1对T、B细胞的调控机制。本研究将从sPD-L1这个切入点揭示肝癌动脉栓塞治疗后癌细胞免疫逃逸的机制，为提高肝癌患者栓塞治疗疗效提供新思路。

Transcatheter hepatic arterial cheomoembolization therapy is the main effective treatment procedure of advanced hepatic carcinoma till now, unfortunately, progression often occurs which caused by the residual tumor cells and immunologic escape. Immunologic inhibitory pathway of PD-1/PD-L1 plays an important role in inducing the body immunological tolerance and the immunologic escape of tumor cells. So far we know little about the relationship between sPD-L1 and liver cancer progression after interventional therapy. The pilot experiments showed that the expression levels of sPD-L1 is closely related to the therapeutic efficacy in TACE therapy of liver cancer, and it need to be further researched. To this end, we propose the hypothesis: T cell could not remove the spreading tumor cells because of the blocking of PD-1/PD-L1. All this cause tumor progression. To test this hypothesis, we explore the mechanism of soluble PD-L1 induce cancerous cells immune escape of hepatic carcinoma in the cell, molecule and body. This study will lay the oundation for the mechanism of soluble PD-L1 induce cancerous cells immune escape of hepatic carcinoma in the TACE therapy, and provide some new ideas on improving therapeutic efficacy in TACE therapy.