探究核子的内部结构一直是强子物理领域中最重要的研究方向之一。部分子分布函数及其推广，描述核子内部夸克与胶子的动量分布情况，是高能物理理论与实验必不可少的非微扰输入参数。本项目将基于大动量有效理论，从第一性原理出发，对一维夸克与胶子的部分子分布函数的精确计算、以及三维核子结构成像等核心问题展开深入研究。高精度部分子分布的研究对揭示核子内部更精细的结构，理解强相互作用的运动学规律，增强对QCD色禁闭性质的理解有着重要意义，同时也为理论与实验研究提供更精确的输入参数，为未来对撞机上的实验分析与对超出标准模型的新物理的探索提供新的参考。对核子三维结构的研究可以加强对部分子分布函数的普适性的理解，帮助人们深入理解核子中部分子的自旋以及轨道角动量的贡献，揭示核子自旋结构；此外，核子三维成像做为未来电子离子对撞机的重要研究目标之一，本项目的研究结果也将为未来对撞机实验研究提供重要的理论参考。

Exploring the internal structures of nucleon has always been one of the most important research directions in hadron physics. Parton distribution functions, which describe the momentum fraction of quarks and gluons within the nucleon, are the most important quantities for understanding the nucleon structures and are key input for both theoretical and experiment analysis. This research proposal is based on the large momentum effective theory, systematically studies the following issues of the parton distributions from the first principle of QCD: high precision calculation of quark and gluon parton distribution functions, and the analysis of 3D structure and tomography of nucleon. The study of high precision parton distributions is of great significance for revealing the finer structures inside the nucleon, understanding the kinematics of strong interaction and properties of QCD color confinement, and providing more accurate inputs for theoretical and experimental analysis. And the study of 3D structures of nucleon can strengthen the understanding of the universality of parton distributions, and helps to explore the puzzles of spin origin of nucleon. In addition, the 3D imaging of nucleon is one of the most important goals in the future electron ion collider, so the results of this project will also provide theoretical references for the experimental research in the future.