Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）与鼻咽癌、胃癌以及多种B细胞淋巴瘤的发生密切相关。深入解析EBV侵染细胞的过程并揭示其侵染机制对EBV感染的预防与治疗具有重要意义。目前，对于EBV侵染机制的认识多是基于对静态研究结果的分析和推断，难以精确地解析EBV与宿主细胞的动态相互作用机制。本项目拟发展针对EBV包膜磷脂与核酸（或衣壳）同时标记的新策略，利用多维单病毒示踪技术解析EBV入侵上皮细胞的动态过程，明确EBV的入胞策略以及与自噬相关的胞内转运机制。通过集成宿主细胞内的生物正交反应及自然代谢整合过程，在病毒复制过程中实现对EBV包膜磷脂与核酸（或衣壳）的双重标记。在此基础上，发展多维单病毒示踪技术，实时、原位、可视化地监测EBV入侵上皮细胞的动态过程，阐明EBV的入胞策略以及与自噬相关的胞内转运机制。本项目的开展有助于加深对EBV侵染机制的认识，为抗病毒策略的研发提供理论依据。

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is causally associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and various B cell lymphomas. Thorough dissecting the infection process of EBV and understanding of the infection mechanism will be significant for preventing and treating virus-induced diseases. However, the current understanding of the infection mechanism of EBV is mostly based on the analysis and inference of static results. It is difficult to precisely dissect the mechanism of the interactions between EBV and the host cell. Herein, the project is to develop a novel strategy for simultaneous labeling the envelope and the nucleic acid (or the capsid) of EBV. With the aid of multi-dimensional single-virus tracking, the dynamic process of EBV entry into epithelial cells is dissected. Dual-labeling of EBV envelope phospholipids and nucleic acids (or the capsid) is realized during virus propagation by integrating the bioorthogonal ligation reaction and natural metabolic incorporation process in host cells. Then, by using multi-dimensional single-virus tracking, the dynamic process of EBV entry into epithelial cells is monitored in real-time and in situ, aiming to dissect the entry strategy and the underlying mechanism of autophagy in intracellular trafficking of EBV. The project is helpful to further clarify the infection mechanism of EBV, which will provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of antiviral strategies.