深渊环境中温和型病毒对微生物宿主碳氮源代谢的影响研究

深渊海沟在全球碳循环和碳封存过程中扮演着独特的角色，其环境中极少的易降解碳氮源与活跃的微生物活动存在矛盾。前期研究中，我们通过超高压模拟培养富集了深渊微生物群落，初步分离鉴定了代表性的病毒-宿主系统。根据已有的研究结果，我们提出了温和型病毒参与深渊碳氮元素循环，且其诱导受营养源和压力双重调控的科学假说。本项目将以本实验室已有的深渊沉积物样品、120 MPa/152 MPa富集样本及病毒-宿主系统为出发材料，结合低温超高压模拟培养设备，综合利用微生物学、分子生物学、有机地球化学及病毒组分析手段，从个体和群落两个层面探讨温和型病毒的溶源-裂解转换机制，特别是其对碳氮营养物及压力的响应。通过本项目的研究，我们将初步揭示深渊环境中病毒参与微生物宿主对难降解碳氮源利用的分子机理，为全面理解深渊的碳氮元素循环提供有用的理论参考。

The hadal trench plays a unique role in the global carbon cycle and carbon sequestration, and the scarce biodegradable carbon and nitrogen sources in the hadal environment are contradictory to the active microbial activities. In previous studies, we enriched the abyssal microbial community through ultrahigh pressure simulation and isolated the representative virus-host system. Based on the existing research results, we have proposed a scientific hypothesis that temperate viruses participate in the cycle of the abyssal carbon and nitrogen element, and their inductions are regulated by both of nutrient sources and hydrostatic pressure. This project will take the hadal sediment samples, 120 MPa/152 MPa enrichment samples and virus-host system as starting materials, combined with low-temperature and ultra-high-pressure simulation culture equipment. Microbiology, molecular biology, organic geochemistry and viromics analysis will be comprehensively used to investigate the underlying mechanism of the lysogenic-lysis switch of temperate virus, especially how it responds to the carbon/nitrogen nutrients and hydrostatic pressure, from the individual and community levels. Taken together, this study will reveal the molecular mechanism of how virus is involved in the biodegradation of carbon and nitrogen sources, thus contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the cycle of carbon and nitrogen in the hadal environment.