油渣果是重要的油料植物，生长期达70年，每年开花结果两次，定植三年达到盛产期，盛产期40年以上，种子含油量70-80%，单株种子产量达30千克，被誉为“生物能源开发的希望之星”。然而，由于其雌雄异株，野生植株雄多雌少，营养繁殖出现早衰，不同种质资源的含油量和产量差异大，尚未建立从幼苗期鉴定油渣果雌雄性别和优质高产资源的方法，缺乏种质资源的系统收集，是制约油渣果产业化发展的瓶颈。本项目从种质资源收集、评价、构建核心种质到资源发掘几个层次对油渣果进行系统的研究。拟在系统收集种质资源的基础上，利用SSR、AFLP和SNP分子标记对种质资源进行评价，为油渣果的产业化发展提供优质的育种资源。此外，筛选与雌雄性别、优质高产等功能性状基因连锁的SSR和AFLP分子标记，建立幼苗阶段鉴定雌雄性别及优质高产油渣果资源的快速分子鉴定体系。本项目将在核心种质构建和关键技术上为油渣果产业的可持续发展提供科学支撑。

The genus Hodgsonia Hook. f. et Thoms. (Cucurbitaceae) is an important but neglected oil plant for biodiesel development. The plants are perennial woody vines, with a growth period of more than 70 years. They can blossom and set fruits twice a year, and it will last for more than 40 years. The seed yield of each plant may reach up to 30 kg and the oil content of seeds may be up to 70-80%. Consequently, it is entitled as the "Hope Star" in biodiesel development. However, there are many bottlenecks restricting the industrialization of Hodgsonia. Breeding is the biggest problem. Due to the dioecious characteristics of Hodgsonia, the female plants are much less than the male ones in nature. And premature senility happens through vegetative propagation. There has been no good ways acquiring enough female plants for industrialization. The significant variations of oil content and yield from different resources is another tricky problem. The basic researches seriously lag behind. So far, there have been no effective identification methods to find the female plants with good quality and high yield in oil. Furthermore, lack of germplasm resources collection is a problem in support of the researches. This project is targeted at the comprehensive and systematic study of Hodgsonia, including germplasm resources collection, evaluation, constructing core collection and resources excavation. It will provide high quality breeding resources for industrialization through collecting and evaluating germplasm resources using the SSR, AFLP and SNP molecular markers. On the other hand, it screens the SSR and AFLP molecular markers linkage with the function genes of sex determination, high yield and good quality. It aims at establishing a rapid molecular identification system on high yield and good quality female plants at the seeding stage. It is hoped that the study will break the bottlenecks of industrialization of Hodgsonia, and will promote its sustainable development.