木材在使用过程中受到微生物步进式的侵染和败坏，直至完全降解缩短其使用寿命，其降解过程中微生物群落结构时时在发生变化，群落组成以及丰度为指标的微生物多样性被认为是木材降解速率最重要的预测变量。基于分离和培养技术的传统方法由于无法获得木材微生物群落结构信息，往往采用单个菌株接种的方式来研究木材腐朽机理，不能基于微生物多样性分析来解析木材腐朽机制、预测其降解速率和使用年限。本研究将采用MiSeq扩增子高通量测序分子技术，不需要组织分离和培养，直接测得特定时期、特定腐朽阶段木材真菌和细菌的群落组成和丰度，通过比较不同腐朽阶段微生物多样性变化与木材树种以及木材细胞结构变化、木材密度损失和木材质量损失等表征的关系，构建木材中微生物群落组成多样性和丰度与木材腐朽阶段、腐朽程度间的对应关系，基于微生物多样性分析来解析木材腐朽机理，预测木材降解速率和木材使用寿命。

Wood in use is vulnerable to microbial deterioration and degradation, which shortens its service life. Previous studies on the mechanism of wood decay was focus on single or several strains. However, the wood degradation process is the result of the interaction of the whole microbial community, and the microbial diversity was reported the most important predictor of wood degradation rate. Traditional methods based on isolation and culture can’t identify the whole information of wood microbial community, consequently it is inadequate to analyze the mechanism of wood decay and predict the degradation rate based on limited information of microbial diversity. MiSeq amplicon high-throughput sequencing can be used to reveal the two essential parameters for defining microbial diversity and community structure, species richness and species evenness, without the limitation of traditional methods based on isolation and culture. This study will measure the community composition and abundance information of wood fungi and bacteria during s specific decay stages by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The relationship between diversity of microbial community and wood decay stage, decay degree will be constructed by comparing the changes of microbial diversity in different decay stages with the changes of wood species, wood cell structure, wood density loss and wood quality loss. This research will interpret the wood decay mechanism and predict wood degradation rate based on microbial diversity analysis, and expects to provide scientific basis for wood durability evaluation, decay monitoring and wood service life prediction.