波流联合作用下黄河口浮泥层发育机制及运移模式研究

The fluid mud layer is a natural phenomenon which exists widely in the area of the estuary and coastal zone. Due to the complexity of the fluid mud problem, there is still a lack of in-depth systemic researches. The project aims to study on the development mechanism and migration patterns of fluid mud layer under the action of wave and current in Yellow River Estuary. It intends to verify the scientific hypothesis that the fine particles in the seabed can be "pumped" upward, which may be one of the important supply sources of the fluid mud layer development. In addition, the project aims to put forward a new in-situ physical properties testing technology of fluid mud layer - free fall plate / cone penetration test, which can test the properties of fluid mud layer accuratelly. Based on dye-soil large flume model test, time series sediment capture in-situ observation, free fall plat /cone penetration test, an integrated model of wave and current conditions - sediment suspended – fluid mud layer movement can be established. This project may promoted breakthrough in the theoretical research on the fluid mud layer in Yellow River Estuary, which can produce important contributions to the theoretical development of seabed sediment dynamics.

浮泥层是一种广泛存在于河口海岸带地区的自然现象，由于浮泥问题的复杂性，迄今仍缺乏系统的研究。本项目围绕波流联合作用下黄河口浮泥层的发育机制及运移模式展开研究，拟验证海床内细颗粒“泵送”可能是浮泥层发育的重要供给源之一的科学假设，并提出一种浮泥层原位测试的新技术-自由落体圆板/圆锥贯入试验，实现对浮泥层性质的准确测试。基于染色土大型水槽模型试验、时间序列沉积物捕获原位观测和自由落体圆板/圆锥贯入测试等研究手段建立波浪、海流条件—粘性泥沙悬沙—浮泥运动的集成关系模型，实现对浮泥层的运动机制和模式进行深入研究。研究成果有望对黄河口浮泥层的理论研究取得突破性认识，对海底沉积物动力学的理论发展有重要的贡献。

浮泥层是一种广泛存在于淤泥质海岸河口地区的自然现象，主要由明显具有粘滞性的粘土和粉砂类细颗粒泥沙组成。当浮泥大量存在时，可造成掩埋底栖生物、底泥富营养化和航道骤淤、干扰测深结果、影响适航水深的判断等生态、环境以及航行安全等问题。2017年1月到2018年12月间，主要基于室内模型实验，分析了浮泥层发育的基本模式、典型现象和“泵送”发展过程，着重分析了浮泥层过程中沉积物孔隙压力变化规律，最后针对波浪对浮泥层发育的影响，建立沉积物中孔隙压力计算与“泵送”量的关系。分析了浮泥层发育必需的物源供应途径，进一步验证了浮泥层形成过程中、波浪作用下沉积物孔隙压力变化规律；其次，计算分析了土体内部颗粒受力状态，进一步阐述泵送机理，总结了“泵送作用”的两种表现形式；最后，开展现场原位观测，验证了自然环境波流联合作用下黄河三角洲浮泥的形成与发育过程。

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